Prevalence of food addiction and its relationship to body mass index

Background: Food addiction (FA) is a new terminology that simulates craving for food to drug addiction. It is recently measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). It was speculated that FA is incriminated in the current obesity epidemic. Egypt is one of the highest African countries in the prevalence of obesity.Aim: Estimation of the prevalence of FA in Egyptian adolescents and exploration of its relationship to the body mass index (BMI). Subjects and methods This study included 801 adolescents aged 11–18 years recruited by a multistage cluster sampling technique from preparatory and secondary school students distributed in Cairo. All the included subjects had their weight and height measured followed by calculation of the BMI then they were interviewed by the YFAS. The diagnosis of FA was made if there wereP3 symptoms with clinically significant impairment.Results: FA prevalence was 15.7% in the studied sample. The most prevalent FA symptom was tolerance which was present in 52.1% of the sample. FA diagnosis didn’t differ across the different BMI categories; however, all of the FA symptoms showed significant differences in relation to the BMI when classified as normal, overweight and obese except for the symptom of tolerance.Conclusion: FA exists in one sixth of Egyptian adolescents. FA symptoms rather than FA diagnosis differed in the different BMI categories

Re-thinking spaces as places: Anew vision of social housing in Egypt

PPeople are linked to places they relate to through their memories, responsive places represent a sequel to human life outside buildings, and are considered a key focus to urban development.Social housing patterns are a translation of the interaction of people and their preferable places.Egypt has recently been trying to implement a sustainable development strategy in Egypt`s Vision 2030; However, regarding the social housing pillar the gap continues to widen between the interpretation yet integration of the social character with in the urban patterns of social housing projects in Egypt.Therefore, this research seeks to reform the concept of social housing in Egypt based on the diversity in the application of practical practices of placemaking in a way that meets the people`s needs; through discussing both quantitative and qualitative methods in defining social housing in the Egyptian context, analysing global models of housing based on social housing factors, in order to integrate all life leading factors of urbanism in the future definition and application of social housing projects to form a comprehensive vision of social housing in Egypt. Based on this, the research concludes that there is a deficiency in both definition and application of the practice of sustainable social housing that responses to the needs, requirements and aspirations of the population; despite being a vital and critical component that acts as a sequence and thus completes urbanism in the city; which indeed acts as a social interaction bond to the people towards their streets and places and makes them realize the difference between the space and the place.So, Social Housing as both a definition and an application should be more comprehensive in order to include the different sequenced layers of both the buildings and the open spaces; and to deal with both layers based on the human needs and the relation between people and places to produce a livable yet enjoyable and healthy communities. In order to re-right the relation between people and places in social housing places in Egypt according to sustainable standards; all social, economic, environmental, cultural and functional factors should be reconsidered, and a human-based criteria of 3 levels includes 1) Basic dimensions, 2) Secondary requirements and 3) Standard indicators should be activated

Knowledge, attitude and practice of long acting reversible hormonal contraception (LARHC) among women in urban upper Egypt

Background: The current study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of long acting reversible hormonal contraception (LARHC) among women in urban upper Egypt.Methods: A cross sectional study which included 902 married women, in the reproductive age, attending the outpatient clinics (Gynecology and family planning) of: 1-Assiut University Maternity Hospital, 2- Sohag University Hospital, and 3-Gehina General Hospital (MOH hospital) with current or previous use of any method of LARHC methods. A Questionnaire file was designed to assay knowledge attitude and practice of clients towards contraceptive methods. All data collected from clients reviewed separately to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of women towards contraceptive methods.Results: The most popular contraceptive method is COCs followed by IUD then DMPA. 99% of studied sample heard with good description about different types of LARHC. 54.9% of studied sample most popular/famous LARHC DMPA, most sources of information on LARHC were, Hospital, Relative/friends and health workers. 94.24% of the studied sample were in favor to use of LARHC, 94.2% of them agree to take a space between births, about 55.4% of them were health child and 61% comfortable lifestyle benefit from birth spacing, 33% of studied sample were maternal health, 68% of them were think/prefer to use implants, 64.5% of them didn’t pregnant while breastfeeding. 11% of sample women never used any contraception before and most reasons for not using contraception are fear of side effects, desire for more children, irregular sexual relationship, and husband opposition. Only 16.6 % of studied sample used LARHC before and most of them used DMPA, however 3 women who used DMPA get pregnant while using it.Conclusions: There is a good level of knowledge between upper Egypt women about LARHC methods

Prevalence of overactive bladder symptoms and urinary incontinence in a tertiary care hospital in Egypt

Background: The current study aims to estimate the prevalence of Overactive bladder (OAB) and urinary incontinence (UI) among women attending Assiut Woman's Health Hospital. Additionally, to explore the impact of UI and OAB on The Quality of Life (QOL) of women.Methods: A population-based survey included participants aged 18 years and older selected from Assiut Woman's Health Hospital and received The Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Questionnaire (BFLUTSQ). OAB was defined in to two versions using the international continence society (ICS) definition of 2002 as either urgency sometimes or more alone (OAB1) or urgency sometimes or more with frequency more than eight times per day and /or nocturia once or more per night (OAB2). Incontinence and other LUTS were positive if answer scores ≥2 to BFLUTSQ question for incontinence and other LUTS.Results: The total prevalence of OAB was 39.0% (351 women). The prevalence of OAB dry and OAB wet was 26% (234 women) and 13% (117 women), respectively, which suggested that 66.7% suffer from OAB dry and 33.3% suffer from OAB wet. The prevalence of dry OAB is significantly higher than wet OAB. The overall prevalence of UI was 22.2% (201 women). The prevalence of stress UI, urge UI and mixed UI was 5.7%, 5.1% and 11.4%, respectively.Conclusions: OAB symptoms and UI are highly prevalent. Furthermore, both of them have severe effects on daily and sexual life as well as being related to psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression

Effect of nitric oxide donors on uterine and sub-endometrial blood flow in patients with unexplained infertility: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Impaired sub-endometrial perfusion might reduce endometrial receptivity and possibly contribute to unexplained infertility. A favorable effect on sub-endometrial blood flow has been demonstrated with nitric oxide.Methods: This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of nitroglycerine on uterine and sub-endometrial blood flow in women with unexplained infertility. Sixty women were randomized into 2 equal groups. The study group received 5mg nitroglycerine patch daily from day 2 of the cycle till the evaluation day and the control group received no treatment. Independent of the study arms, 30 parous women were included as the fertile group. Six to eight days after detecting luteinizing hormone surge, women were assessed for endometrial thickness, uterine artery blood flow with color Doppler and sub-endometrial blood flow with three-dimensional power Doppler.Results: Compared to fertile women, cases with unexplained infertility (control group) had a significantly thinner endometrium, higher uterine artery Doppler indices and lower sub-endometrial blood flow. Women who received nitroglycerin showed a significant improvement in sub-endometrial blood flow while uterine artery blood flow did not show a significant difference; however, the values were also comparable to fertile women. In addition, no effect on endometrial thickness was found with nitroglycerin treatment. Nitroglycerin treatment side effects were headache, blurring of vision and hypotension. These adverse effects were not significant compared to controls.Conclusions: In women with unexplained infertility, nitroglycerin significantly improved the sub-endometrial blood flow but did not affect the endometrial thickness

Safety and benefits of large-volume liposuction: a single center experience

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Liposuction is a surgical technique to remove excess fat deposits from specific areas of the body. Purpose of this study is to determine how far large volume liposuction is safe and effective.</p> <p>Methodology</p> <p>From July 2003 to December 2005, 60 female patients had liposuction of different areas of the body as waist, hips, buttocks, thighs, and knees. Their mean age was 30.6 ± 15.4 years old. A standard liposuction technique was done by using a tumescent infiltration formula. The average amount of infusate was 3000 cc, with an average aspirate amount of 6000 cc. Pre-operative anthropometric measurements as weight, height, body mass index, areas to be liposuctioned in addition to pre-operative hematological investigations as complete blood picture, blood sugar, liver function tests, blood urea, serum creatinine, and serum cholesterol were done.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results were evaluated with preoperative and postoperative photographs. Postoperative anthropometric measurements and hematological investigations were done at 6^thweek, and 4^thmonth after surgery. The rate of complications was low and relatively minor in nature. No major complications were presented. Minor complications have occurred as skin irregularities (20%), Seroma (15%), Garment pressure sore (10%), Cutaneous hyper-pigmentation (5%).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Large-volume liposuction can be performed safely and it can produce desirable morphological and hematological changes.</p

Plasma O2modifies the structure of synthetic zeolite-A to improve the removalof cadmium ions from aqueous solutions

International audienceThe present study addresses the removal of cadmium ions (Cd(II)) from aqueous solutions at a pH of 7.5 using zeolite-A activated by exposure to oxygen plasma. The activation process was performed over a wide range of plasma powers (10, 20, 30, and 40 W) and exposure times (30 to 360 s). Oxygen plasma cannot chemically modify zeolite to a considerable extent, but it can clean the surface, open blocked pores, and induce the formation of additional OH groups via exposure to humidity in ambient air. Therefore, Cd +2 ion removal is increased by approximately 10% with the plasma treatments. Infrared-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were applied to analyze the changes in the surface structure and properties of thesamples

Placental pouch closure: a novel, safe and effective surgical procedure for conservative management of placenta accreta

Background: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has become a global problem secondary to the high rate of cesarean delivery (CD). The current study presents an effective surgical procedure (placental pouch closure) for uterine preservation in patients with PAS. Methods: We applied this procedure in sixty cases at a tertiary university hospital between September 2017 and January 2019. We included women who were diagnosed as PAS based on preoperative ultrasound and Doppler evaluation, and who had the desire for uterine preservation. Results: The procedure was successful in almost all cases; the uterus was conserved 98.33 % of participants, with no associated severe maternal morbidities or mortality. In all cases, no additional surgical procedures were needed. The mean blood loss was 1263 ml, and the mean number of units of blood required for transfusion was 2.31 units. Conclusion: Identifying and meticulously closing the placental pouch is a novel surgical procedure for conservative management of PAS. In well-selected cases with the availability of facilities and expertise, the technique could have a place as a safe and effective surgical technique in women presenting with placenta accreta who desire uterine preservation. Trial registration number: NCT03241849. Registered on August 8, 201

Patterns of Faculty Participation in the Areas of Social Responsibility

The study aimed to identify the patterns of participation of faculty members in the areas of social responsibility. To achieve the objectives of the study, the social survey method was relied on the sample. The study sample consisted of (136) faculty members in a university in the Saudi higher education sector. The questionnaire was used to collect data. Its stability coefficient was (0.830) and it was applied electronically to the study sample. The results of the study revealed that there is daily interaction between a faculty member, students and community institutions to contribute to all areas of responsibility and spread its culture, in addition to the tendency of the educational institution (the field of study) to achieve balance and harmony between its fields (teaching, community service / scientific research) so that the faculty member can participate in all the desired activities and events and adapt to the requirements of the institution and society, there are also some obstacles such as lack of funding for research and studies Common and directed by the faculty member towards the community, the imposition of routine procedures from the university that hinder the faculty member from participating in community initiatives, the lack of opportunities for community partnerships between the university and the private and public sectors of the state and NGOs

The diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen section biopsy for diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis

: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) sampling is important for evaluating the nodal stage of breast cancer when the axillary nodes are clinically free of metastasis. The intraoperative frozen section (IFS) of SLN is used for lymph node assessment. This meta-analysis aims to provide evidence about the diagnostic accuracy and the applicability of IFS of SLN in breast cancer patients. Data were collected by searching PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases for trials matching our eligibility criteria. The statistical analysis included the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and pooled studies' diagnostic odds ratio outcomes. The analyses were conducted using the Open Meta-analyst software. This meta-analysis pooled the results of 110 studies. The overall sensitivity of IFS for SLN metastasis was 74.7%; 95% CI [72.0, 77.2], P < 0.001. It was 31.4% 95% CI [25.2, 38.3], P < 0.001 for the micro-metastasis, and 90.2%; 95% CI [86.5, 93.0], P < 0.001 for the macro-metastasis. The overall specificity was 99.4%; 95% CI [99.2, 99.6], P < 0.001. The overall positive likelihood ratio was 121.4; 95% CI [87.9, 167.6], P < 0.001, and the overall negative likelihood ratio was 0.226; 95% CI [0.186, 0.274], P < 0.001. The overall diagnostic odds ratio of IFS for diagnosing SLN metastasis was 569.5; 95% CI [404.2, 802.4], P < 0.001. The intraoperative frozen section of SLN has good sensitivity for diagnosing breast cancer macro-metastasis. However, the sensitivity is low for micro-metastasis. The specificity is very satisfactory