1 research outputs found
Highly Selective Detection of Titanium (III) in Industrial Waste Water Samples Using Meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole-Doped PVC Membrane Ion-Selective Electrode
A novel Ti3+ selective membrane electrode based on meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole (OMCP) as an
ionophore was successfully fabricated. The developed sensor revealed high selectivity towards Ti3+ ion
over alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal cations. Among all of the membranes examined, the
membrane with a composition of 4:33:62.8:0.2 mg of I:PVC:DOP:NaTFPB showed the best Nernstian
slope of 29.49 � 0.16 (mV per decade of activity) over the pH range from 1 to 3 with a satisfactory
concentration range of 1.0 �10�6 M to 1.0 �10�2 M and detection limit of 8.0 �10�7 M. The effects of
various parameters such as composition of the membrane, different cation interferences and
concentration of internal solution were investigated. The developed sensor exhibited a good
reproducibility over a useful life time of about 3 months with a fast response time of 25 seconds. It
demonstrated good analytical performance for accurate determination of Ti3+ trace amount in the
presence of considerable concentration of common interfering ions. The fabricated sensor was used
successfully as an indicator electrode for potentiometric titration of a titanium solution with EDTA and
moreover it applied for direct determination of Ti3+ content of industrial waste water samples. The
obtained results from optimized membranes were evaluated by comparing them with the data received
from instrumental methods such as UV–Vis, AAS, ICP and SEM. By using density functional theory (DFT)
calculations, several special adsorption sites of TiOH2+ close to OMCP are fully optimized and the best one
selected. Furthermore, NBO and QTAIM analysis carried out to study the bonding strength in formed
complex and deep understanding of the nature of interaction between TiOH2+ and OMC