B-> K photon photon via intermediate eta'

We examine our previous conjecture that the eta' intermediate resonance has the dominant role in the long distance contributions to B decay into two photons and a strange final state hadron. We calculate the branching ratio of the exclusive B-> K eta'-> K photon photon decay using the nonspectator mechanism for eta' production in charmless hadronic B decays. It is shown that the obtained branching ratio B^eta'(B-> K\gamma\gamma)~ 8.7 X 10^{-7} is more than twice as large as the eta_c contribution to this decay mode.Comment: 6 pages, latex, no figure

INFLUENCE OF POCKET BOOKS AND POSTPARTUM MATERNAL COMPANIONS AGAINTS ON THE NEONATAL REGULARITY AND POSTPARTUM VISITS IN MAMUJU DISTRICT 2018

ABSTRACTThe perinatal and neonatal period is a critical time for a baby's life. Two-thirds of infant deaths occur 4 weeks after delivery and 60% of newborn deaths occur 7 days after birth. Neonatal visits performed regularly can detect earlier to prevent infant mortality. The counseling and family support have big role on regularity of neonatal visits.The objective was to determine effect of pocket books and postpartum maternal companions on neonatal regularity and postpartum visits. This study used post test only with control group design which is the subjects in the study consisted of two groups, namely intervention group and control group. Samples are mothers who delivered at Tampa Padang Health Center and Topore Health Centers from March to October 2018, selected by simple Random as muach 45 respondents.The results showed significantly associated between average knowledge score of neonatal visit and postpartum visit, between intervention groups and control groups.. There was significantly associated between pocket books and postpartum maternal companion with regular neonatal visits and postpartum visits.Conclusions and suggestions in this study that pocket books  effective for increasing knowledge of companion postpartum, pocket book and postartum maternal companion increases the regularity of neonatal visits and postpartum visit.Keywords: Neonatal visit, pocket books, postartum maternal companio

The Impact of Lighting Design on Perceived Architecture and Human Satisfaction in Museums

The use of light in museum design plays a crucial role in enhancing the visual experience of visitors in museums. Although atmospheric factors such as lighting design are important in enhancing the exhibition space’s atmosphere, few studies have evaluated the design of these factors, and how they can affect the visitors’ experience. The main aim of the research was to develop a lighting matrix that increases the understanding of how visitors perceive and respond to different kinds of exhibition lighting, and how this enhances their visual experience inside the exhibition hall. Furthermore, the study aimed to move from pure functional performance to people-driven museum lighting design. The research utilized a quantitative approach by using a questionnaire to identify visitors’ preferences regarding museums’ lighting settings of two case studies. The survey was carried out in the real environment, and then in the virtual environment. A sample of 160 respondents evaluated the main exhibition hall in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo in the Real environment, and 40 respondents evaluated the Egyptian hall in the Birmingham Museum in the UK in the Real environment. Additionally, 66 participants evaluated four computer-generated scenes of the main hall of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt, and 66 participants evaluated four computer-generated scenes of the Egyptian hall in the Birmingham Museum and art gallery, UK. Different lighting settings in each scene were adopted with the aid of virtual reality as an experimental tool using a semantic differential scaling method. Both environments were evaluated to study the effectiveness of Virtual Reality in simulating the real environment. The survey data was analysed using SPSS, and different tests were applied to understand the relationships between the different variables using descriptive and inferential analysis. Moreover, the Spearman correlation test, Friedman test, and Chi- square test were applied. The test results showed that the more the lighting characteristics of the exhibition spaces were diverse and thrilling, the better the exhibition space was perceived, and the longer visitors were willing to stay and return. The results showed that the lighting distribution and colour could greatly affect the perception and impression of space as perceived by visitors specifically bright / dark, and colourful/ neutral tone of the lighting settings. Furthermore, the research developed a lighting matrix that could be applied to an extensive range of museum lighting settings. This lighting matrix is a contribution to knowledge that is beneficial to lighting designers, architects, museum owners, and evaluators

ANALYSIS OF PROLONGED LABOR AND PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES RISK FACTORS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF ASFIKSIA IN A NEW BORN BABIES IN MAMUJU DISTRICT, 2017 - 2018

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Asphyxia causes 23% of all neonatal deaths worldwide and the fifth largest cause of death at the age of under five years (8%). The causes of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia include the slow growth of the fetus (23.53%), lack of oxygen in the womb (intra uterine hypoxia) (21.24%), neonatal asphyxia (29.23%). AKB in West Sulawesi Province in 2015 amounted to 337 deaths or 13.24 / 1000 Births. The prolonged labor contributes to maternal mortality and newborn mortality. The prolonged labor will cause infection, dehydration, and run out of energy can sometimes cause post partum bleeding which can cause maternal death. Premature rupture of membrane affects asphyxia due to the occurrence of oligohydramnios which suppresses the umbilical cord so that the umbilical cord is narrowed and the blood flow that carries maternal oxygen to the baby is hampered causing neonatal asphyxia or hypoxia in the fetus. The aim of the study was to analyze the risk factors for Old Partus and Premature rupture of membrane on the incidence of asphyxia in Newborns in Mamuju District Hospital and West Sulawesi Regional Regional Hospital. This type of research is an analytical study with a Case Control Study design. Time of study in August - September of 2018. Population cases were all infants born and experiencing asphyxia, the control population was all infants born and not experiencing asphyxia in the Regional General Hospital of Mamuju Regency and General Hospital of West Sulawesi Province. Case sample size = 36 and control sample = 72, with a ratio of 1: 2, the total sample size is 108 people using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that mothers who experienced prolonged labor risk 9,609 times. Preventive efforts need to be made by providing good knowledge to pregnant women during antenatal care regarding the high risk of pregnancy that can lead to prolonged parturition asphyxia so that if it occurs it can be treated early.Keywords: prolonged labor, premature rupture of membrane, Asphyxi

The role of immune cells in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of gynaecological disease related death in women worldwide. Patients given standard treatment have low survival rates and immunotherapy remains unsuccessful. This is largely due to the suppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) and the interaction of the different cells being poorly understood. This has sparked interest in understanding the functions of immune cells and their contribution to the TME. In chapter 3, B and T cells were characterised in samples collected from chemo-naïve highgrade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients and compared to benign and healthy controls. B cells were able to express the T cell exhaustion marker T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) on their surface. Blood derived B cells of benign patients expressed less TIM-3 compared to high-grade and healthy donors. Alterations in TIM-3 expression on B cells suggests that the TME may not be causing B cells to harbour an exhaustion phenotype. The frequency of circulating mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) was reduced in benign and high-grade patients compared to healthy donors. Blood derived MAIT cells of healthy donors stimulated with 5-OP-RU antigen and cultured with ovarian cancer cell line supernatants had a reduced capacity of producing tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a compared to control. The reduced frequency of MAIT cells at the premalignant state of the disease indicates that malignancy of the disease is not necessarily the contributing factor in the reduction observed. As TNF-a is a key anti-tumour cytokine expressed by MAIT cells, the impaired production may indicate defects in their function. Low dose-dense (LDD) chemotherapy has recently shown promise as depicted in a clinical study by Kannourakis et al. where LDD treated HGSOC patients had longer survival than those treated with maximum tolerated dose (MTD). It is postulated that this may be due to aspects of the immune system, however the effects of LDD chemotherapy on immune cells remains unknown. In chpter 4, circulating B and T cells of LDD treated patients were characterised and compared to untreated controls. The key finding of this study was the immunostimulatory attributes of LDD regimen in a range of B and T cell populations via their increased expression of TNF-a compared to untreated controls and healthy donors. The frequency of MAIT cells, however, was reduced in LDD treated patients, suggesting that these cells may not contribute to the immunostimulatory aspects, and that this regimen may impact their frequency by creating an environment which may not be compatible for MAIT cell survival. In chapter 5, expression of immuno-oncology protein markers in benign and high-grade primary and metastasised tumours were determined for alterations in hot and cold tumour regions using Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP). An increased expression of immune cell, costimulatory and inhibitory markers were apparent in high-grade tumours compared to benign. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) marker was studied further, and its expression was also higher in high-grade tumours compared to benign, with cisplatin further enhancing its expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. There were alterations in the expression of some downstream molecules, however interferon (IFN)-b, the key cytokine produced in the activated STING pathway, was virtually non-existent. This suggests a defect in the pathway which if restored, may contribute to some of the known anti-tumour functions of the pathway. The results from these studies provide an understanding of differences in the immune profile of non-malignant and malignant ovarian cancer. These findings work together to improve our understanding of the unique TME with the aim to identify potential immune therapeutic targets for future study.Doctor of Philosoph

Quark- and Gluon-Condensate Contributions to Penguin Four-Fermi Operators

The nonperturbative content of the QCD vacuum permits the occurrence of QCD-vaccum condensate contributions to penguin amplitudes. We calculate the dimension-4 $$and$$ contributions to the effective Wilson coefficients for penguin four-Fermi operators, and discuss how such contributions may contribute to nonleptonic B decays.Comment: 7 pages, latex uses aipproc, 3 postscript figures included, Talk given at 21st Annual MRST Conference: High Energy Physics at the Millenium (MRST 99 and the Sundarfest), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 10-12 May 199