Biocomposting process for utilization agro-industrial wastes

Biological treatment has played prominent roles in bioremediation of wastes and contaminants. Composting is one of the biological process that has been considered to be one of the most suitable ways of converting organic wastes into products that are beneficial for plant growth. The study of the bio-composting process by solid-state bioconversion utilizing palm oil mill effluent (POME) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) were studied in lab scale. From the study it is found that horizontal rotary drum bioreactor was the most suitable to run this study. In this project, four filamentous fungi were used; (i) Phanerochaete chrysosporium. (ii) Trichoderma harzianum. (iii) Aspergillus niger. (iv) Penicillium sp. The bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials by evaluating the C/N ratio and other parameters using horizontal rotary drum bioreactor were studied. The good and mature of the compost is reflected by C/N ratio, germination index and glucosamine assay. The result showed that the C/N ratio drop from days 10 onwards and in the range of 25 to 30. The germination indexes of 50 to 70% indicate that the compost produce was a phyto toxic-free product and merely achieved as mature compost. The composting period required to complete this process was two months. Thus, this study developed an effective and feasible composting technique of POME and EFB using horizontal rotary drum bioreactor by solid state bioconversion process

Fermat's principle in quantum gravitational optics

Interactions incorporating the vacuum polarization effects in curved backgrounds modify the null cone structure in such a way that the photon trajectories would not be the space-time geodesics anymore. The gravitational birefringence introduced as a direct consequence of these effects, will allow shifts in the photon velocities leading to polarization dependent superluminal propagation. Taking these effects into account we study Fermat's principle in the context of the 1+3 (threading) formulation of the space-time decomposition. We find an expression for the modified spacetime refractive index and show it is proportional to the light cone correction to the first order. Consequences of this modification on polarization sum rules and spatial light paths are considered.Comment: 13 Pages, REVTex format, section on gravitomagnetic monopoles is removed along with its references, new references adde

Quantum gravitational optics: the induced phase

The geometrical approximation of the extended Maxwell equation in curved spacetime incorporating interactions induced by the vacuum polarization effects is considered. Taking into account these QED interactions and employing the analogy between eikonal equation in geometrical optics and Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the particle motion, we study the phase structure of the modified theory. There is a complicated, local induced phase which is believed to be responsible for the modification of the classical picture of light ray. The main features of QGO could be obtained through the study of this induced phase. We discuss initial principles in conventional and modified geometrical optics and compare the results.Comment: 10 pages, REVTex forma

Pengaruh Suhu Preheat dan Variasi Arus pada Hasil Las Tig Aluminium Paduan terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Kekerasan

Aluminium has a good nature; corrosion-resistant, lightweight, and able to be recycled. But the connection with welding aluminum is difficult to do so we need the right way this study aims to determine the characteristics of the results of weld aluminum with large variations in preheat temperature and current. Aluminum Alloy AA 3003 TIG welded with Filler ER 5356, a variation current 110 A, 130 A, 140 A and preheat temperature of 75 degree celcius, 125 degree celcius, 175 degree celcius, then welds tested tensile, hardness, and microstructure. The results showed that the variation o f the current 110 A with a preheat temperature of 175 degree C has the highest tensile strength and hardness

Quantum gravitational optics in the field of a gravitomagnetic monopole

Vacuum polarization in QED in a background gravitational field induces interactions which {\it effectively} modify the classical picture of light rays as the null geodesics of spacetime. After a short introduction on the main aspects of the quantum gravitational optics, as a nontrivial example, we study this effect in the background of NUT space characterizing the spacetime of a spherical mass endowed with a gravitomagnetic monopole charge, the so called NUT factor.Comment: 9 pages, title changed and the text abridged for publication in the Journal of Physics: Conference serie

Infrared spectra of C2H4 dimer and trimer

Spectra of ethylene dimers and trimers are studied in the nu11 and (for the dimer) nu9 fundamental band regions of C2H4 (~2990 and 3100 cm-1) using a tunable optical parametric oscillator source to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion. The deuterated trimer has been observed previously, but this represents the first rotationally resolved spectrum of (C2H4)3. The results support the previously determined cross-shaped (D2d) dimer and barrel-shaped (C3h or C3) trimer structures. However, the dimer spectrum in the nu9 fundamental region of C2H4 is apparently very perturbed and a previous rotational analysis is not well verified.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure

Three new infrared bands of the He-OCS complex

Three new infrared bands of the weakly-bound He-OCS complex are studied, using tunable lasers to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion. They correspond to the (0400) <-- (0000), (1001)<-- (0000), and (0401) <-- (0000) transitions of OCS at 2105, 2918, and 2937 cm-1, respectively. The latter band is about 7900 times weaker than the previously studied OCS nu1 fundamental. Vibrational shifts relative to the free OCS monomer are found to be additive. Since carbonyl sulfide has previously been shown to be a valuable probe of superfluid quantum solvation effects in helium clusters and droplets, the present results could be useful for future studies of vibrational effects in such systems.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure, 4 table

Oro-Dental Health Status and Salivary Characteristics in Children with Chronic Renal Failure

Children suffering from decreased renal function may demand unique considerations regarding special oral and dental conditions they are encountered to. It is mentioned that renal function deterioration may affect the hard or soft tissues of the mouth. Having knowledge about the high prevalence of dental defects, calculus, gingival hyperplasia, modified salivary composition and tissue responses to the dental plaque may aid the physician and the dentist to help nurture the patient with chronic renal failure through the crisis, with an aesthetically satisfying and functioning dentition