Optimization Of Eurycomanone Yield Using Response Surface Methodology By Water Extraction

Nutraceuticals and phytomedicines are largely used in pharmaceutical industry at this era. Phytomedicines are pharmaceuticals which made from plants which has significant property of treating some illnesses. Tongkat Ali, or eurycoma longifolia, is a traditional herb medicine used as aphrodisiac, general tonic, anti-Malaria, and anti-Pyreti. Nowadays, Tongkat Ali has become known globally due to its ability to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) and to improve sexual desire. Eurycomanon is a very important quassinoids found in Tongkat Ali extract which has a potential to be developed as complementary for anti-cancer therapy. In this research, extraction of eurycomanone from tongkat ali was performed according response surface methodology. Optimization of eurycomanone yield was obtained through central composite design (CCD). The maximum eurycomanone amount which is 0.559% was obtained at solvent to raw material ratio of 28.8:1 g/g, duration of extraction of 3 hour, and 0.054-0.154 mm of raw material

Lahirkan lebih ramai graduan TVET

PROGRAM Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET) adalah proses pendidikan dan latihan yang mempunyai hala tuju pekerjaan dengan penekanan utama terhadap amalan industri

Hak pendidikan wanita Afghanistan

LANGKAH Kerajaan Afghanistan mengharamkan wanita untuk mendapatkan akses pendidikan dari sekolah menengah hingga ke peringkat universiti merupakan langkah terkebelakang dan mundur bagi sesebuah negara Islam yang progresif

UMP, UTM anjur partandingan Three Minutes Thesis 2015

Institut Pengajian Siswazah (IPS) Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) melalui bersama Sekolah Pengajian Siswazah (SPS), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM) menganjurkan pertandingan Malaysia 3 Minutes Thesis (3MT) yang berlangsung di Anjung Menara Razak, Kampus Bandar UTM Kuala Lumpur pada 12 Mei 2015 yang lalu

Herbal Plants

Tumbuh-tumbuhan herba tradisional di Malaysi

Effect of Temperature and Sonication on The Extraction of Gallic Acid from Labisia Pumila (Kacip Fatimah)

The increasing demand of herbal based product has created great opportunities for global marketing. Labisia pumila contains a phenolic compounds and it has been proven to have multiple biological effects, such as high antioxidant properties and anti inflammatory activity. The Gallic acid(3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is phenolic compounds that exist in Labisia Pumila. Therefore, it is vital to identify a best extraction technique to maximize the performance of the process. Recently, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) widely reported for the extraction of medicinal plants and herbs due to its economic and green technology. This study was carried out to determine the effect of temperature and duty cycle on the performance of UAE in the extraction of gallic acid from Labisia Pumila (Kacip Fatimah).The sonication regiments ( power intensity and duty cycle) were varied to find maximum gallic acid concentration. The low power intensity at 8.66 W/cm2 was used and several duty cycle (10 to 40%) using ultrasonic processor Q700 (700 watts, 20kHz) provided by QSonica, Newtown, U.S.A with a replaceable flat tip ultrasonic probe (sonotrode) made of titanium alloy that had a tip diameter of 12.7 mm and 127 mm length. As the result, the best condition that has been determined for maximum gallic acid extraction was 100 0C with sonication with (0.26±0.02)% w/w or 2630.18 mg/kg . Besides that, the sonication was improved the gallic acid extraction for both 80 0C and 100 0C by 1.4 and 1.5 fold increament respectively .By comparing the effect of temperature, the higher tempperature give the better extraction yield for both with and without sonication. Based on the result can be concluded that, sonication was improved the extraction yield without any chemical aid

Sequential ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction of water soluble proteins from Eurycoma longifolia roots

Even though Eurycoma longifolia was extensively studied, few researches investigated the protein content in its water extracts with the consideration of establishing the most suitable extraction method to increase their yields with high efficiency and less time consumption. The study applied a sequential extraction method to increase the yields of water soluble proteins (WSPs) in E. longifolia root extracts by the application of two nonconventional extraction methods, Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The study was established by circumscribed central composite designs (CCCDs) to indicate the optimum extraction conditions and the corresponding maximum WSPs yields for both the methods by investigating the MAE factors which were temperature (T); microwave power (W) and irradiation time (i) and UAE factors temperature (T); ultrasonic intensity (UI); and sonication time (s). The optimum conditions of MAE (T: 54oC, W: 301W and i: 15 min) led to the WSPs yield 23.101±1.647% .The optimum conditions of UAE (T: 46oC; UI: 1.84 W.cm-2 and s: 24 min) led to 24.181±0.321%. These predicted optimum conditions were then employed for the two proposed sequential extraction method, sequential ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction (SUMAE) and sequential microwave-ultrasound assisted extraction (SMUAE). Results revealed that the highest WSPs yield (27.172±1.086%) was obtained by initiating the sequential extraction with UAE for 10 minutes followed by MAE treatment for 5 minutes was the best extraction process. Therefore, SUMAE illustrated more efficiency than SMUAE. This concluded that the SUMAE is a more efficient extraction process than the one-step nonconventional extraction methods and was nominated for the upscaling of extracting proteins from E. longifolia roots in pilot and industrial scales

Ultrasound mediated enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose

A recombinant Trichoderma reesei cellulase was used for the ultrasound‐mediated hydrolysis of soluble carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and insoluble cellulose of various particle sizes. The hydrolysis was carried out at low intensity sonication (2.4–11.8 W cm−2 sonication power at the tip of the sonotrode) using 10, 20, and 40% duty cycles. [A duty cycle of 10%, for example, was obtained by sonicating for 1 s followed by a rest period (no sonication) of 9 s.] The reaction pH and temperature were always 4.8 and 50°C, respectively. In all cases, sonication enhanced the rate of hydrolysis relative to nonsonicated controls. The hydrolysis of CMC was characterized by Michaelis‐Menten kinetics. The Michaelis‐Menten parameter of the maximum reaction rate Vmax was enhanced by sonication relative to controls, but the value of the saturation constant Km was reduced. The optimal sonication conditions were found to be a 10% duty cycle and a power intensity of 11.8 W cm−2. Under these conditions, the maximum rate of hydrolysis of soluble CMC was nearly double relative to control. In the hydrolysis of cellulose, an increasing particle size reduced the rate of hydrolysis. At any fixed particle size, sonication at a 10% duty cycle and 11.8 W cm−2 power intensity improved the rate of hydrolysis relative to control. Under the above mentioned optimal sonication conditions, the enzyme lost about 20% of its initial activity in 20 min. Sonication was useful in accelerating the enzyme catalyzed saccharification of cellulose

Effect of co2 partial pressure on dry reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production

The effect of CO2 partial pressure on ethanol dry reforming was evaluated over 5%Ce-10%Co/Al2O3 catalyst at = PCO2 = 20-50 kPa, PC2H5OH = 20 kPa, reaction temperature of 973 K under atmospheric pressure. The catalyst was prepared by using impregnation method and tested in a fixed-bed reactor. X-ray diffraction measurements studied the formation of Co3O4, spinel CoAl2O4 and CeO2, phases on surface of 5%Ce-10%Co/Al2O3 catalyst. CeO2, CoO and Co3O4 oxides were obtained during temperature–programmed calcination. Ce-promoted 10%Co/Al2O3 catalyst possessed high BET surface area of 137.35 m2 g-1. C2H5OH and CO2 conversions was improved with increasing CO2 partial pressure from 20-50 kPa whilst the optimal selectivity of H2 and CO was achieved at 50 kPa

Physicochemical and Microbiological Analysis of Stingless Bees Honey Collected from Local Market in Malaysia

The growing demand for honey in the market has led to the occurrence of the tampering honey with foreign substances and increases the production of artificial honey. Due to this concern, this study works on the physicochemical and microbial characterization of stingless bee honey. The physicochemical analysis showed that the honey possessed pH (2.51–3.26), free acidity (121.1 to 318.7 meq/kg), moisture (19.4–30.9%), electrical conductivity (0.33–0.69 mS/cm), ash content (2.75–4.31 g/100g), Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content (35.4 to 461.7 mg/kg) and diastase activity (2.71 to 6.11 DN). Also, sugar profile of honey showed that the honey contained fructose (15.03–32.52g/100g), glucose (12.17–34.55 g/100g) and sucrose (0.01–7.29 g/100g). The harvested honey, H1, and H2 have the highest potential to become an antibacterial agent to treat disease compared to commercial honey samples because they were active against gram-negative bacteria. All analyzed samples were within the maximum limit of the quality criteria set by the Malaysian Kelulut Standard and Codex Alimentarius except for free acidity, HMF, and Diastase Number. All the data obtained is vital in order to create a specific statute for stingless bees honey in Malaysia that may help to protect the consumer from purchasing adulterated honey