Sifat-Sifat Anatomi Dan Kimia Kayu Getah Juvenil (Hevea Brasiliensis) Klon Lateks Balak Rrim 2009 Dan Rrim 2024

Di Malaysia, kayu getah (Hevea brasiliensis) telah menjadi salah satu bahan asas yang penting dan mendapat permintaan yang tinggi di dalam industri yang berasaskan kayu. Oleh itu, Lembaga getah Malaysia (LGM) telah memperkenalkan klon-klon lateks balak untuk menampung kekurangan bekalan kayu getah. Namun begitu, maklumat mengenainya masih lagi terhad terutama yang berkaitan dengan kesan umur dan klon yang berbeza. Dalam kajian ini, dua aspek yang dikaji adalah berkenaan dengan ciri-ciri anatomi dan komposisi kimia terhadap ketinggian pokok dan jarak dari kulit ke empulur untuk dua jenis klon lateks balak yang berbeza (RRIM 2009 dan RRIM 2024) pada umur yang sama iaitu lingkungan 3 hingga 4 tahun. Keputusan bagi kepadatan dan diameter vesel menunjukkan bahawa faktor klon dan jarak dari kulit ke empulur tiada perbezaan yang signifikan kecuali pada ketinggian pokok di mana bahagian atas mencatatkan kepadatan vesel yang tinggi dan bahagian bawah pula mencatatkan diameter vesel yang tinggi kerana kedua-duanya saling berkait antara satu dengan yang lain. Dari sudut keliangan, klon RRIM 2024 menunjukkan nilai yang lebih tinggi berbanding klon RRIM 2009

Effect of ethanol treatment on shrinkage of oil palm trunk for the drying process

Oil palm trunk is one of the promising biomass materials due to the high volume of unused waste components and increasing worldwide demand to replace conventional wood. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using ethanol as a drying agent for oil palm trunks with different dimensional surfaces (radial, tangential and longitudinal sections). Radial shrinkage percentage for the outer layer is 1.50% (untreated) and 1.22 % (treated) respectively. In comparison, the inner layer of the untreated sample was recorded at 2.54 % shrinkage and the treated sample was at 2.29%. The tangential sample for the inner untreated sample shows 2.60% and the treated sample shows 2.40%. The same pattern of shrinkage was shown for the tangential section on the outer layer as 1.81% and 1.10% of the untreated and treated sample respectively. For the longitudinal surface, the inner layer section of the untreated sample was recorded at 0.39% compared to the treated sample at 0.25%. In comparison, a longitudinal surface section for the outer layer of the untreated sample was recorded at 0.38% while the treated sample was recorded at 0.33% shrinkage percentage. The effect of ethanol treatment on the shrinkage is significantly different between different sections (P-value: 0.01) and between the outer and inner layers (P-value: 0.02). The result suggested that ethanol treatment could be an option for the oil palm trunk drying process. Dried oil palm trunk can be utilized as a potential substitution of biomass and wood to produce various products

Effects of Torrefaction Process on Chemical Properties of Small Diameter Acacia mangium Wood

Torrefaction refers to a thermal process that involves the processing of biomass in a torrefied to produce a "charred" product that can be utilised as a fuel or as a soil amendment. People need energy sources to meet their basic needs and live the kind of life they want. Acacia mangium was selected in order to produce biochar and determine the lignocellulosic affected by the holding temperature and residence time. The chemical properties of torrefied Acacia mangium biochar were investigated at different holding temperatures and residence times. Torrefaction were carried out at several process temperatures, ranging from 200 to 300°C, with residence time ranging from 30 to 90 minutes. According to the findings, the effects of holding temperature and residence time on the chemical properties of torrefied Acacia mangium biochar was carried out. The results show that the chemical properties decreased with an increase in both the holding temperature and residence time except for the lignin percentage content. It shows that as the holding temperature and residence time increased, the lignin content increased. The results shows that the chemical properties are decreased, except for the lignin content, which is not affected by the factors. The chemical bond in lignin content is hard for breaking down. Hence, torrefaction is accountable for the decrease of chemical properties and the breaking of chemical bonds in chemical properties

Effects of Torrefaction Process on Chemical Properties of Small Diameter

Torrefaction refers to a thermal process that involves the processing of biomass in a torrefied to produce a "charred" product that can be utilised as a fuel or as a soil amendment. People need energy sources to meet their basic needs and live the kind of life they want. Acacia mangium was selected in order to produce biochar and determine the lignocellulosic affected by the holding temperature and residence time. The chemical properties of torrefied Acacia mangium biochar were investigated at different holding temperatures and residence times. Torrefaction were carried out at several process temperatures, ranging from 200 to 300°C, with residence time ranging from 30 to 90 minutes. According to the findings, the effects of holding temperature and residence time on the chemical properties of torrefied Acacia mangium biochar was carried out. The results show that the chemical properties decreased with an increase in both the holding temperature and residence time except for the lignin percentage content. It shows that as the holding temperature and residence time increased, the lignin content increased. The results shows that the chemical properties are decreased, except for the lignin content, which is not affected by the factors. The chemical bond in lignin content is hard for breaking down. Hence, torrefaction is accountable for the decrease of chemical properties and the breaking of chemical bonds in chemical properties

Effects of torrefaction process on chemical properties of small diameter Acacia Mangium wood

Torrefaction refers to a thermal process that involves the processing of biomass in a torrefied to produce a "charred" product that can be utilised as a fuel or as a soil amendment. People need energy sources to meet their basic needs and live the kind of life they want. Acacia mangium was selected in order to produce biochar and determine the lignocellulosic affected by the holding temperature and residence time. The chemical properties of torrefied Acacia mangium biochar were investigated at different holding temperatures and residence times. Torrefaction were carried out at several process temperatures, ranging from 200 to 300°C, with residence time ranging from 30 to 90 minutes. According to the findings, the effects of holding temperature and residence time on the chemical properties of torrefied Acacia mangium biochar was carried out. The results show that the chemical properties decreased with an increase in both the holding temperature and residence time except for the lignin percentage content. It shows that as the holding temperature and residence time increased, the lignin content increased. The results shows that the chemical properties are decreased, except for the lignin content, which is not affected by the factors. The chemical bond in lignin content is hard for breaking down. Hence, torrefaction is accountable for the decrease of chemical properties and the breaking of chemical bonds in chemical properties