Energy exchange between electric vehicle load and wind generating utilities

This paper proposes a novel approach to energy exchange between electric vehicle (EV) load and wind generation utilities participating in the day-ahead energy, balancing, and regulation markets. An optimal bidding/offering strategy model is developed to mitigate wind energy and EV imbalance threats, and optimize EV charging profiles. A new strategy model is based on optimizing decision making of a wind generating company (WGenCO) in selecting the best option among the use of the balancing or regulation services, the use of the energy storage system (ESS) and the use of all of them to compensate wind power deviation. Energy imbalance is discussed using conventional systems, ESS, and EV-Wind coordination; results are compared and analyzed. Stochastic intra-hour optimization is solved by mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). Uncertainties associated with wind forecasting, energy price, and behavior of EV owners based on their driving patterns, are considered in the proposed stochastic method and validated through several case studies

Association between Human Herpesvirus-6 and Primary Brain Tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Supplementary Data

             Supplementary   Table 1. Search strategy Supplementary   Table 2. Quality assessment of included studies. Supplementary   figures  Supplementary   Figure 1: Funnel plots before (A) and after (B) applying the trim-and-fill   method. The open dots indicate the observed studies, and the closed dots   indicate the missing studies imputed by the trim-and-fill method. Supplementary Figure 2. The pooled prevalence of   HHV-6 among primary brain cancer patients based on study type. Each dot in   figures indicates the prevalence along with the 95% CI associated with each   study Supplementary   Figure 3. The pooled prevalence of HHV-6 among primary brain cancer patients   based on Detection method. Each dot in figures indicates the prevalence along   with the 95% CI associated with each study PCR:   polymerase chain reaction, ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, NGS: next generation sequencing, ISH: in situ   hybridization, IHC: immunohistochemistry Supplementary   Figure 4. The pooled prevalence of HHV-6 among primary brain cancer patients   based on sample type. Each dot in figures indicates the prevalence along with   the 95% CI associated with each study FFPE:   Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Supplementary   Figure 5. The pooled prevalence of HHV-6 among primary brain cancer patients   based on geographical area. Each dot in figures indicates the prevalence   along with the 95% CI associated with each study Supplementary   Figure 6. Overall Association between HHV-6 and primary brain cancer. Each   dot in figures indicates the prevalence along with the 95% CI associated with   each study Supplementary   Figure 7. Association between HHV-6 and primary brain cancer based on   detection method. Each dot in figures indicates the prevalence along with the   95% CI associated with each study PCR:   polymerase chain reaction, ISH: in situ hybridization, IHC:   immunohistochemistry Supplementary   Figure 8. Association between HHV-6 and primary brain cancer based on sample   types. Each dot in figures indicates the prevalence along with the 95% CI   associated with each study FFPE:   Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Supplementary   Figure 9. Association between HHV-6 and primary brain cancer based on   geographical areas. Each dot in figures indicates the prevalence along with   the 95% CI associated with each study</p

Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 201

The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BackgroundIn estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults.MethodsUsing the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15–39 years to define adolescents and young adults.FindingsThere were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11–1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000–425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15–39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5–65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8–57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9–15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6–14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9–25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9–3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4–98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally.InterpretationAdolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts.</div