Historical information on Nipah surveillance sites, 2006 to 2021.

Shape file source of the map: https://gadm.org/download_country.html Shape file license of the map: https://gadm.org/license.html.</p

Geographical distribution of Nipah cases in Bangladesh from April 2001 to December 2021 (N = 322).

Geographical distribution of Nipah cases in Bangladesh from April 2001 to December 2021 (N = 322).</p

Characteristics of NiV patients, including clinical symptoms and signs, exposure, and outcome of NiV infections reported from Bangladesh between April 2001 to December 2021.

Characteristics of NiV patients, including clinical symptoms and signs, exposure, and outcome of NiV infections reported from Bangladesh between April 2001 to December 2021.</p

Distribution of individuals tested for NiV infection at ten sentinel hospitals in Bangladesh, January 2007 to December 2021.

The red bars represent the number of NiV-positive persons (n = 139), and the grey bars indicate the number of NiV-negative individuals (n = 7011). The small green squares signify the proportion (%) of Nipah cases detected in the calendar year. The horizontal dark blue line implies the overall annual proportion of 1.94%. * In 2007, active sites started reporting the total number of suspected Nipah encephalitis/pneumonitis cases admitted every month.</p

Age distribution of NiV patients (N = 322) who were identified from April 2001 to December 2021.

Age distribution of NiV patients (N = 322) who were identified from April 2001 to December 2021.</p

Surveillance case definitions of human NiV infection.

Surveillance case definitions of human NiV infection.</p

Alcohol drinking twice per week or more in members of households with TB compared to those without TB.

Alcohol drinking twice per week or more in members of households with TB compared to those without TB.</p

Association between current smoking of people with TB and the same in their household members.

Association between current smoking of people with TB and the same in their household members.</p

Association between alcohol drinking of people with TB and the same in their household members.

Association between alcohol drinking of people with TB and the same in their household members.</p

Diabetes in members of households with TB compared to those without TB.

Diabetes in members of households with TB compared to those without TB.</p