Colorimetric Assay of Thiamine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations

            تم وصف طريقة طيفية سهلة وسريعة وحساسة لتقدير الثايمين. تعتمد الطريقة على تكوين قاعده شيف بين مجموعه الامين للثيامين هيدروكلوريك ومجموعه الالديهايدللفانلين لتكوين ناتج اصفر اللون له أقصى امتصاص عند طول موجي 390 نانو ميتر. ووجد بان قانون بير  يسري على الكميات التي تتراوح بين2-28 مايكرو غرام\ مل بامتصاصية مولارية0.96x104   لتر\مول. سم . أن ودقة الطريقة 100±1.3%ومعامل الانحراف القياسي للطريقة النسبي اقل من1. 5 % مما يدل على ضبط ا وتعد الطريقة الحالية بسيطة كونها لا تحتاج الى تسخين او تحلل مائي او استخلاص مذيبي حيث ان المواد الداخلة في تحضير المستحضرات المحللة لا تتداخل مع الثيامين مما جعلها طريقة ناجحة للتحليل الروتيني للثيامين بشكله النقي وفي مستحضراته الصيدلانية.            A simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of thiaminehydrochloride has been developed. The method is based on the formation of the Schiff’s base between the primary amino group present in thiamine hydrochloride and aldehyde group present in the vanillin reagent to produce a yellow colored complex having maximum absorption at 390 nm. Beer’s law has obeaid over the concentration range of 2-28µg/mL, with molar absorptivity of 0.96x104L/mol.cm. The average recovery which is a measure of accuracy is 100±1.3% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than1.5 .The present method is considered to be simple because it does not need heating, hydrolysis and solvent extraction steps. The ingredients often formulated with thiamine and have been shown not to interfere, and is suitable for the routine determination of thiamine hydrochloride. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of thiamine hydrochloride in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations

Checklist of Medicinal Flora of Tehsil Isakhel, District Mianwali-Pakistan

The research work was conducted in the selected areas of Isakhel, Mianwali. The study was focused for documentation of traditional knowledge of local people about use of native medicinal plants as ethnomedicines. The method followed for documentation of indigenous knowledge was based on questionnaire. The interviews were held in local community, to investigate local people and knowledgeable persons, who are the main user of medicinal plants. The ethnomedicinal data on 55 plant species belonging to 52 genera of 30 families were recorded during field trips from six remote villages of the area. The check list and ethnomedicinal inventory was developed alphabetically by botanical name, followed by local name, family, part used and ethnomedicinal uses. Plant specimens were collected, identified, preserved, mounted and voucher was deposited in the Department of Botany, University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, for future references

Ethnobotanical Resources of Manikhel Forests, Orakzai Tirah, Pakistan

Manikhel forests, the far southern extension of Hindu Kush Mountain ranges, exhibit rich floral diversity in its nearly 175 Km2 area. It comprises sub-tropical semi deciduous thorny forests in the southern low lying Mediterranean type of climate and evergreen Oak-Yew forests in the northern faces of the Himalayan type of climate. A wide variety of plants are present in the area but this paper includes only those species whose common use is either known locally or they are in daily use for various purposes. The present investigations comprise 172 plant species belonging to 80 families. Bulk of these plants exhibit multiple uses. The local population is entirely rural and poor. They are primarily dependent on the forest resources for their necessities

Ethnophytotherapical Approaches for the Treatment of Diabetes by the Local Inhabitants of District Attock (Pakistan)

Results of the present investigation are based on 37 indigenous plant species belonging to 23 Angiospermic families. These indigenous plants were used as traditional phytotherapies for the control and treatment of diabetes millitus. The rural inhabitants of the area classified these traditional phytotherapies on the basis of uses of various parts of plants and method of their uses. About 29 traditional phytotherapies were investigated from the rural inhabitants of the area. These traditional phytotherapies were classified as antidiabetic extracts, leaves, powders, flour, seeds, vegetables, fruits and herbal mixtures

Frequency of Infected Healthcare Workers and Factors Leading to Infection in Emergency Neurosurgical Trauma during COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective:  The aim of this study was to know the frequency of COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers and to identify the risk factors leading to infection in emergency neurosurgical trauma during COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods:  This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Ayub Teaching Hospital. A total of 99 healthcare workers with an age range from 22 – 55 years attending or carry emergency procedures with both male and female gender were included in the study. Age, gender, sign and symptoms, safety measures and COVID PCR reports were recorded. Results:  12 (12.1%) out of 99 healthcare workers got an infection with COVID-19. 83.3% of the infected healthcare workers were male while 16.6% were females. A maximum of the healthcare workers infected with COVID-19 was in the age range 31 – 40 (50%). Most of them were Doctors (66.6%) followed by nursing staff (25%). Low-grade fever and cough were the most common symptoms. The most important factors which affect the transmission of infection to healthcare workers were improper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), masks, gloves by healthcare professionals, and inability to maintain social distancing with the patients. Conclusion:  To protect healthcare workers from getting infections, proper personal protective equipment should be used. Early recognition of the infected patient and prompt isolation should be done to prevent or minimize the chain of transmission

Improving Ability and Lane Detection of Self-Directed-Car

Driverless vehicles are on the move to announcement by Google, which drove more than 500,000 miles on its original model vehicles and further key automakers specify the prospective enlargement in this region with the capability to convert the transportation infrastructure, enlarge access and convey settlement to variety of user. A few users address the anticipated unfinished convenience of self directed cars by 2020 with accessibility to the community by 2040.Certain trust that self-directed car make necessary to renovate the modern transportation that fundamentally removing coincidences andcleaning uptheroadenvironment.Thisstudyunderstandstheeffectsthat self- driving car orroboticvehicletravel demandsandride schemeislikelytohave,without thetypicalobstaclesthatallowsdetectionof vision basedhardwareandsoftware constructionof SDC (self-directed car) technologyandGold(GenericObstacleLaneDetection) toa knowledge-basedsystemtoexpectthepotentialandconsidertheshape,color, balancein organizedenvironmentwithcoloredlane patternswhichisimplemented by a particlefilter. Thealgorithm is implemented andtestingwereapprovedonroadsandthe consequences show the strength ofthe algorithm to the problemnatural in road location.Driverless vehicles are on the move to announcement by Google, which drove more than 500,000 miles on its original model vehicles and further key automakers specify the prospective enlargement in this region with the capability to convert the transportation infrastructure, enlarge access and convey settlement to variety of user. A few users address the anticipated unfinished convenience of self directed cars by 2020 with accessibility to the community by 2040.Certain trust that self-directed car make necessary to renovate the modern transportation that fundamentally removing coincidences andcleaning uptheroadenvironment.Thisstudyunderstandstheeffectsthat self- driving car orroboticvehicletravel demandsandride schemeislikelytohave,without thetypicalobstaclesthatallowsdetectionof vision basedhardwareandsoftware constructionof SDC (self-directed car) technologyandGold(GenericObstacleLaneDetection) toa knowledge-basedsystemtoexpectthepotentialandconsidertheshape,color, balancein organizedenvironmentwithcoloredlane patternswhichisimplemented by a particlefilter. Thealgorithm is implemented andtestingwereapprovedonroadsandthe consequences show the strength ofthe algorithm to the problemnatural in road location

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the association between laboratory tests and severe outcomes among hospitalized children

BACKGROUND: To assist clinicians with identifying children at risk of severe outcomes, we assessed the association between laboratory findings and severe outcomes among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected children and determined if SARS-CoV-2 test result status modified the associations. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in 41 pediatric emergency departments in 10 countries. Participants were hospitalized, had laboratory testing performed, and completed 14-day follow-up. The primary objective was to assess the associations between laboratory findings and severe outcomes. The secondary objective was to determine if the SARS-CoV-2 test result modified the associations. RESULTS: We included 1817 participants; 522 (28.7%) SARS-CoV-2 test-positive and 1295 (71.3%) test-negative. Seventy-five (14.4%) test-positive and 174 (13.4%) test-negative children experienced severe outcomes. In regression analysis, we found that among SARS-CoV-2-positive children, procalcitonin ≥0.5 ng/mL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 9.14; 95% CI, 2.90-28.80), ferritin \u3e500 ng/mL (aOR, 7.95; 95% CI, 1.89-33.44), D-dimer ≥1500 ng/mL (aOR, 4.57; 95% CI, 1.12-18.68), serum glucose ≥120 mg/dL (aOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.06-3.81), lymphocyte count \u3c1.0 × 10 CONCLUSIONS: Specific laboratory parameters are associated with severe outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-infected children, and elevated serum procalcitonin, CRP, and D-dimer and low absolute lymphocyte and platelet counts were more strongly associated with severe outcomes in children testing positive compared with those testing negative

Sickle Cell Disease Treatment with Arginine Therapy (STArT): Study protocol for a phase 3 randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Despite substantial illness burden and healthcare utilization conferred by pain from vaso-occlusive episodes (VOE) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD), disease-modifying therapies to effectively treat SCD-VOE are lacking. The aim of the Sickle Cell Disease Treatment with Arginine Therapy (STArT) Trial is to provide definitive evidence regarding the efficacy of intravenous arginine as a treatment for acute SCD-VOE among children, adolescents, and young adults. METHODS: STArT is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, phase 3, multicenter trial of intravenous arginine therapy in 360 children, adolescents, and young adults who present with SCD-VOE. The STArT Trial is being conducted at 10 sites in the USA through the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN). Enrollment began in 2021 and will continue for 5 years. Within 12 h of receiving their first dose of intravenous opioids, enrolled participants are randomized 1:1 to receive either (1) a one-time loading dose of L-arginine (200 mg/kg with a maximum of 20 g) administered intravenously followed by a standard dose of 100 mg/kg (maximum 10 g) three times a day or (2) a one-time placebo loading dose of normal saline followed by normal saline three times per day at equivalent volumes and duration as the study drug. Participants, research staff, and investigators are blinded to the participant\u27s randomization. All clinical care is provided in accordance with the institution-specific standard of care for SCD-VOE based on the 2014 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines. The primary outcome is time to SCD-VOE pain crisis resolution, defined as the time (in hours) from study drug delivery to the last dose of parenteral opioid delivery. Secondary outcomes include total parental opioid use and patient-reported outcomes. In addition, the trial will characterize alterations in the arginine metabolome and mitochondrial function in children with SCD-VOE. DISCUSSION: Building on the foundation of established relationships between emergency medicine providers and hematologists in a multicenter research network to ensure adequate participant accrual, the STArT Trial will provide definitive information about the efficacy of intravenous arginine for the treatment of SCD-VOE for children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The STArT Trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on April 9, 2021, and enrollment began on June 21, 2021 (NCT04839354)