Response surface optimization of the process conditions for anti-diabetic compounds from Cucumis Sativus

Presently, there is a growing interest in herbal remedies due to the side effects associated with the use of insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents for diabetic patient. Therefore an investigation is required in a bionetwork rich and industrially-developed country like Malaysia to use alternative approaches to treat diabetics, such as plant based medicine. In this study, Cucumis sativus was examined on the basis of their use in traditional medicines throughout Southeast Asia, to develop an understanding of the distribution and to give an assessment of the diversity present in the selected plant. β-glucosidase inhibitory activity reached the highest value of 96.81% at the optimum conditions of temperature, 25.66°C; incubation time, 22.30 h ; agitation speed, 125 rpm and volume of solvent, 15.6 ml. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified five compounds, out of which two were identified as p-coumaric acid and syringic acid while the other three were unknown. These two phenolic acids are already known to have anti-diabetic properties from previous study. This potential plant with β-glucosidase inhibitory activity can be a hope for millions for treatment of diabetes and will also help in reducing the dependence on synthetic drugs in the future

Optimization of Extraction Process for Antidiabetic Compounds from Cucumis sativus

Presently, there is a growing interest in herbal remedies due to the side effects associated with the use of insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents for diabetic patient. Therefore an investigation is required in a bionetwork rich and industrially-developed country like Malaysia to use alternative approaches to treat diabetics, such as plant based medicine. In this study, Cucumis sativus was examined on the basis of their use in traditional medicines throughout Southeast Asia, to develop an understanding of the distribution and to give an assessment of the diversity present in the selected plant. β-glucosidase inhibitory activity reached the highest value of 96.81% at the optimum conditions of temperature, 25.66°C; incubation time, 22.30 h ; agitation speed, 125 rpm and volume of solvent, 15.6 ml. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified five compounds, out of which two were identified as p-coumaric acid and syringic acid while the other three were unknown. These two phenolic acids are already known to have anti-diabetic properties from previous study. This potential plant with β-glucosidase inhibitory activity can be a hope for millions for treatment of diabetes and will also help in reducing the dependence on synthetic drugs in the future

Distribution of phenolics in various Malaysian medicinal plants

Phenolics, which are widely distributed in plant kingdom, appear to have desirable medicinal properties and play a major role in both plant and animal health. Some have been reported to be antitumor agents and to exhibit antiviral and antimicrobial activities, hypotensive effects and antioxidant properties. These compounds, either as isolates or in conjunction with other compounds, may be used for various health benefits. In this study, forty types of Malaysian medicinal plants were examined to develop an understanding of the distribution of phenolics and to give an assessment of the diversity present in the selected plants. The selection of plants was based on their frequent usages by local folks for their medicinal benefits. Total phenolic content was analyzed by Folin and Ciocalteau’s phenol reagent and their concentration was expressed as Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE). All plant samples gave positive result with varying concentrations. Highest amount was obtained from Piper betle L. which had phenolic content of 8986.67 mg L-1 GAE, while the lowest concentration of 133.33 mg L-1 GAE was obtained from Canna indica Linn. This information can be used to assess taxonomic classifications, evaluate potential sources of phenolic compounds for agricultural and pharmaceutical uses and evaluate breeding program results

Potential beta-glucosidase inhibitor from Malaysian medical plants

Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases affecting worldwide population. Presently, there is a growing interest in herbal remedies due to the side effects associated with the use of insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents for diabetic patient. Therefore an investigation is required in a bionetwork rich and industrially-developed country like Malaysia to use alternative approaches to treat diabetics, such as plant based medicine. In this study, forty types of Malaysian antidiabetic plants were examined on the basis of their uses in traditional medicines throughout Southeast Asia, to develop an understanding of the distribution and to give an assessment of the diversity present in the selected plants. Extracts of all 40 species of Malaysian medicinal plants were examined for �-glucosidase inhibition using an in-vitro model. Most of the plants showed varying degree of inhibitory activity (%) but Centella asiatica had the maximum percentage of �-glucosidase inhibitory activity (99.03%) while the second best is Morinda citrifolia with 96.37% inhibitory activity. Another two potential plants which gave higher inhibitory activity were Cucumis sativus (93.95%) and Euphorbia tircalli L. (90.56%). These potential plants with �-glucosidase inhibitory activity can be a hope for millions for treatment of diabetes and will also help in reducing the dependence on synthetic drugs in the future

Batch adsorption and desorption kinetic studies of bioactive phenolics on selected macroporous resins

In this study, two different types of macroporous resins known as XAD-7HP and HP-20 were evaluated for the adsorption and desorption properties against bioactive phenolics extracted from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The study was conducted at different phase contact time, solution pH and ethanol concentration by static adsorption and desorption methods. From the results, it was found that the adsorption capacity for both resins has no significant difference.Meanwhile in desorption study, HP-20 and XAD-7HP gave 90.52% and 88.28% recoveries, respectively. Then, the kinetic adsorption data were analyzed with both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations and the later performed better. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well by both Langmuir and Freundlich models

Adsorption and desorption kinetic studies of bioactive phenolics purification on selected macroporous resins

In this study, two different types of macroporous resins known as XAD-7HP and HP-20 were evaluated for the adsorption and desorption properties against bioactive phenolics extracted from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The study was conducted at different phase contact time, solution pH and ethanol concentration by static adsorption and desorption methods. From the results, it was found that the adsorption capacity for both resins has no significant difference. Meanwhile in desorption study, HP-20 and XAD-7HP gave 90.52% and 88.28% recoveries, respectively. Then, the kinetic adsorption data were analyzed with both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations and the later performed better. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well by both Langmuir and Freundlich models

Purification of bioactive phenolics from Phanerochaete chysosporium biomass extract on selected macroporous resins

In this study, two different types of macroporous resins known as XAD-7HP and HP-20 were evaluated for the adsorption and desorption properties against bioactive phenolics extracted from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. For static sorption, the study were conducted at different phase contact time, solution pH and ethanol concentration by static adsorption/ desorption method. From the results, it was found that the adsorption capacity for both resins had has no significant difference. Then, the kinetic adsorption data were analyzed with both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations and the later performed better. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well by both Langmuir and Freundlich models. Meanwhile in desorption study, HP-20 and XAD-7HP gave 90.52% and 88.28% recoveries, respectively. Considering the desorption results of the macroporous resins, HP-20 and XAD-7HP were packed in chromatography column to further purify the phenolics. For dynamic adsorption, breakthrough capacity of HP-20 (0.522) was found to be higher than XAD7HP (0.131). Different ethanol concentrations (30% to 50% (v/v)) were investigated at fixed flowrate (1 ml/min) on phenolics recovery from both types of resins. The highest recovery of bioactive phenolics was 94.3% using XAD-7HP resins at 50% (v/v) of ethanol. Only 77.1% of bioactive phenolics were recovered using HP-20 resin at the same experimental conditions. The purified extract subsequently was analyzed using HPLC. The results showed that three phenolics (gallic acid 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) were identified with higher concentrations as compared to non-purified extract. Finally, the purified extract was tested for scavenging activity against DPPH, and it showed that the activity increased significantly to 90.80% from 59.94% in non-purified extract

Potential inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes from locally available fruit wastes by solid state fermentation

A therapeutic approach for treating diabetes is to decrease thepost-prandial hyperglycaemia. This is done by retarding the absorption of glucose through the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, in the digestive tract. Inhibition of both enzymes helps to reduce the glucose level in the blood of a diabetic patient. This study was aimed to investigate the production of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors from local fruit wastes (honeydew skin, banana peel, and pineapple skin) using solid state fermentation. Each of the fruit wastes was fermented with three different types of white rot fungus Phenarochaete chrysosporium (PC), Panus tigrinus M609RQY (M6) and RO209RQY (RO2) for 7 days. Sampling was carried out starting from day 4 to day 7 to determine the enzyme inhibition activity. The samples were extracted using water prior to enzyme analysis. Most of the fruit samples showed varying degree of percentage inhibition activity depending on the sampling time. Extract of fermented banana peels with RO2 on day 4 showed the higher α-glucosidase inhibition (56.57 ± 0.32 %), followed by honeydew extract fermented with the same fungus on the same day (39.68 ± 0.05 %). Extracts of each fruit waste sample fermented with PC showed the least α-glucosidase inhibition (below 15 %). Meanwhile for α-amylase inhibition activity, the extract from fermented honeydew skins with PC on day 7 showed the highest inhibition activity i.e. 98.29 ± 0.63%. The least inhibition activity (43.37 ± 0.54 %) was observed in the extract from honeydew skins fermented with M6 on day 5. All positive results showed that fruit wastes could be the alternative sources for antidiabetic agent especially for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors. (14) (PDF) Potential Inhibitors of Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Enzymes From Locally Available Fruit Wastes by Solid State Fermentation. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334987630_Potential_Inhibitors_of_Alpha-Glucosidase_and_Alpha-Amylase_Enzymes_From_Locally_Available_Fruit_Wastes_by_Solid_State_Fermentation#fullTextFileContent [accessed Jul 07 2020]