The Interaction between Service Quality and Students Satisfaction

This study aims to describe the effect of service quality on students’ satisfaction. The study used a sample of respondents from university students in Hail, Saudi Arabia, and the data were collected through questionnaire. Descriptive and regression analysis were used to find out the relationship between students satisfaction and service quality. This study concluded that there is a significant effect of tangible, reliability on students’ satisfaction at university in Hail state. Moreover, there is a difference in service quality of higher educations managed by government and those managed by a foundation (private). Also, there is a difference between students satisfaction in public and private universities. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the government needs to pay more attention to increase service quality for the satisfaction of students, which will develop the public interest to go to university

Studying Customer Attitudes towards Advertising in Pakistan

The purpose of the paper is to examine the customer attitudes towards advertising in Pakistan. In this study researcher examine the different dimensions of attitudes towards advertising economics beliefs, social beliefs, regulation beliefs, and personal usefulness and ethical beliefs. Data for the study collected from the customers in twin cities of Pakistan. Final analysis performed on 116 valid responses. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to check the reliability of the scale. Correlation and regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis and check the variance. The findings of the descriptive analysis show that customer’s regulation and ethics beliefs towards advertising are not better and Economic beliefs, Social beliefs and Personal usefulness about advertising are better. The current policies of advertisers are not according to customer’s regulation beliefs and ethics beliefs. The data was collected just from students and used a small sample of 116 respondents however it may affect to generality. The study provides significant practical implications for the marketing managers as well as advertisers to adjust their advertising plans or policies in Pakistan with respect to the different dimensionality of consumer’s attitudes toward advertising.&nbsp

How Promotional Advertisements Can Change the Buying Behavior of Children

This study aims to highlight the impact of promotional advertising on children's buying behavior.Promotions are tools that maximize the sales of any organization. Retailers or manufacturers apply this toolto invite consumers to buy more products. The proposed study aims to focus the advertising impact on childpurchases in the Pakistani capital. It is convenient to sample 500 respondents and collect data with the helpof the questionnaire. The results show that there is a negligible correlation between the purchase behaviorand coupons. On the contrary, buying one-to-one free, the physical environment impacts significantly on thepurchase behavior. The proposed research helps marketers recognize most effective promotional ads thatcan significantly affect a child's buying behavio

Magnetite Molybdenum Disulphide Nanofluid of Grade Two: A Generalized Model with Caputo-Fabrizio Derivative

Heat and mass transfer analysis in magnetite molybdenum disulphide nanofluid of grade two is studied. MoS2 powder with each particle of nanosize is dissolved in engine oil chosen as base fluid. A generalized form of grade-two model is considered with fractional order derivatives of Caputo and Fabrizio. The fluid over vertically oscillating plate is subjected to isothermal temperate and species concentration. The problem is modeled in terms of partial differential equations with sufficient initial conditions and boundary conditions. Fractional form of Laplace transform is used and exact solutions in closed form are determined for velocity field, temperature and concentration distributions. These solutions are then plotted for embedded parameters and discussed. Results for the physical quantities of interest (skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number) are computed in tables. Results obtained in this work are compared with some published results from the open literature

Delineation of nutrient management zones in Chunian using soil attributes database developed by soil fertility research institute, Punjab, Pakistan

A significant increase in food production, approximately 70%, is needed to feed the estimated 9.1 billion world population by 2050. Site-specific nutrient management through adoption of Precision Agriculture (PA) technologies can potentially increase crop productivity while keeping the use of chemical fertilizers at its minimum required level. In this study, agricultural land of tehsil Chunian was delineated into management zones using georeferenced soil attributes database developed by Soil Fertility Research Institute (SFRI), Punjab. Appropriate number of zones was determined after conducting fuzzy c -means unsupervised clustering analysis by using Management Zone Analyst (MZA) software and finally Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) was used to differentiate study area into five zones. Analysis of variance was performed to verify whether these defined zones reflect soil attributes. We concluded that tehsil Chunian could be categorized into five statistically different management zones based on soil electrical conductivity (EC), pH, soil organic matter (SOM), available potassium and available phosphorus levels. The highest crop yield was predicted in southeastern parts of tehsil Chunian represented by management zone-2 (4.4 t ha-1) followed by zone-1 (4.3 t ha-1). Whereas, northern and northwest areas were predicted with decreasing trend of wheat yield (zone-5, 3.7 t ha-1; zone-4, 4.0 t ha-1), respectively. We found that MZA and QGIS software could be used as supportive tools for making informed-decisions and the database of soil attributes developed by SFRI would serve as primary source of information for adoption of PA technology in coming years

Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability

Theoretical Studies of the Structures of the Effects in Silicon Germanium and Other Crystals.

A new method based on representation matrices, for classifying and enumerating close-packed clusters of vacancies or substitutional solutes in crystals is described. In particular it is shown how a scalar quantity, related to the determinant of the representation matrix, can be used in the classification procedure. This has proved to be especially valuable in the computational method adopted. Results are presented for clusters of up to five point defects in all single-lattice and selected double-lattice structures. Relationships between the results for different structures are discussed and some inaccuracies in earlier analyses noted. The method of representation matrices has been extended to include clusters with more than one type of point defect. All possible cases are considered, from pure clusters with just one type of solute to mixed clusters in which each solute is different. In each case the number of distinct configurations and the total number of variants is recorded. Non-central Lifson-Warshel type four-body interatomic potentials for silicon and germanium have been developed. These potentials are matched to the experimental lattice parameter, the elastic constants, and the vacancy formation, divacancy binding and {111} stacking fault energies. The geometries of bond reconstruction among neighbouring atoms of vacancy and vacancy-solute clusters in the diamond structure have been studied. Computer simulation techniques have been used to determine the formation and binding energies of vacancy and vacancy-impurity clusters of up to five points by employing these potentials. Two or more structures for some low index twin and fault boundaries, e. g. {Ill}, {211}, {113}, {122} and {233} in silicon and germanium have been investigated and their low energy configurations established. One of the possible stable structures for each of the {211}, {122} and {233} boundaries observes a two-fold screw orientation relation and for {211} and {122} this has the lower energy. The theoretical results are discussed and compared with available experimental information and suggestions are made for future work

Quadrupole transient effects and a super-regenerative spectrometer

A field modulated super-regenerative spectrometer was constructed. The theory of its operation was developed and put to test by observing the pure quadrupole resonance of Chlorine 35 in Para - di-chlorobenzene powder at room temperature. The spectrometer's operation is closely related to the quadrupole transient effects. So another experiment was done to measure the amplitude and the decay time constant of Free Induction Signal in Para-di-chlorobenzene as a function of pulse width and magnetic field, using a pulsed r.f. transmitter, constructed for this purpose, The results of this experiment were then applied to the theory of the spectrometer to explain its behaviour.Science, Faculty ofPhysics and Astronomy, Department ofGraduat

A revisit of pecking order theory versus trade-off theory: Evidence from Pakistan

The objective of this study is to investigate which of the two competing theoretic frameworks; pecking order theory (POT) or trade-off theory (TOT); better explains the corporate leverage behaviour in Pakistan. For this purpose, we use fixed effects model on a large unbalanced panel data comprising of 13,026 firm-year observations of non-financial firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange Pakistan during 1972-2010 Our results indicate that leverage has two pervasive and significant relationships. First, leverage is negatively related to current and past profitability. Second, leverage is positively related to past dividends. In addition, empirical results present a reasonable support to POT regarding growth. However, POT gets nominal empirical support in Pakistan regarding firm size. The results of this study will help the corporate managers to better formulate the leverage policy

Exact solutions for free convection flow of generalized Jeffrey fluid: A Caputo-Fabrizio fractional model

The present article reports the applications of Caputo-Fabrizio time-fractional derivatives. This article generalizes the idea of free convection flow of Jeffrey fluid over a vertical static plate. The free convection is caused due to the temperature gradient. Therefore, heat transfer is considered for free convection. The classical model for Jeffrey fluid is written in dimensionless form with the help of non-dimensional variables. Furthermore, the dimensionless model is converted into a fractional model called as a generalized Jeffrey fluid model. The governing equations of generalized Jeffrey fluid model have been solved analytically using the Laplace transform technique. The recovery of existing solutions in the open literature is possible through this work in terms of classical Jeffrey fluid, fractional Newtonian fluid as well as classical Newtonian fluid. For various embedded parameters, the physics of velocity and temperature profiles is studied by means of numerical computation. This report provides a detailed discussion as well as a graphical representation of the obtained results. Keywords: Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivatives, Generalized Jeffrey fluid, Free convection, The Laplace transform, Exact solution