Dilemma of a developing economy

For the past ten years or so the economy of Ghana has been under severe strains. The domestic economic scene has been characterised by stagnation of production, by falling real per capita income, by ever growing inflationary pressures and by rising level of unemployment. On the external front, the economy has remained under severe pressures resulting partly from a chronically weak balance of payments and partly from the massive external debt

Radiation Effects on Boundary Layer Flow of Cu-water and Ag-water Nanofluids over a Stretching Plate with Suction and Heat Transfer with Convective Surface Boundary Condition

This paper deals with boundary layer flow of Cu-water and Ag-water nanofluids past a stretching plate with suction and heat transfer with convective surface boundary condition in the presence of thermal radiation. This flow belongs to the boundary layer flow of Skiadis type. A closed form solution has been obtained for convective heat transfer under the given conditions. We study the flow field with suction on stretching surface, the effect of volume fraction of nano-sized particles of Cu in Cu-water and Ag in Ag-water nanofluids on the temperature field, and the effect of suction parameter on the convective heat transfer. Moreover, the skin friction and Nusselt number both have been calculated and the possible effect of related parameters has been studied

The Impact Of Exchange Rate Misalignment And Volatility On Malaysian Trade Flows

This study empirically examines the influence of real exchange rate behaviors, explicitly in term of its misalignment and volatility on the trade flows of a small fastgrowing economy, particularly Malaysia by employing Johansen multivariate errorcorrection model as well as autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to capture the estimates of the long-run and short-run relationships over the quarterly data for the period of 1991:1 to 2003:4. A measure of the quantitative proxy of the real exchange rate misalignment is constructed through the NATREX model while the volatility of real exchange rate is generated from the GARCH (1,1) model. It is particularly crucial because international trade played as main engine to generate and sustain economic growth for small open economies. A number of important conclusions can be drawn from the study. It is observed that the Malaysian real exchange rate was overvalued before the eruption of the Asian financial crisis in 1993-1997. After the crisis, the rate was undervalued in the mid 1997-2003. The rate was stable prior to the crisis, but was very volatile during the crisis period. The empirical finding shows that the Malaysia’s exports and imports are more sensitive to exchange rate misalignment throughout the sample-study period. In the meantime, exchange rate volatility appears to be most harmful to the Malaysia’s exports and imports in the post-sample period during the 1997 Asian financial crisis. On the other hand, the income effect provide a conducive condition to further boost Malaysia’s exports and imports as increase in the foreign and domestic income, respectively. For the price effect, Malaysia seems to offer a competitive price of export in pre-crisis period while Malaysia’s import is price inelastic through the sample period, where as a small open economy, Malaysia acts as a price taker in the international market. Nevertheless, the shift to a fixed or pegged exchange rate system is an appropriate measure as it reduced magnitude of the exchange rate misalignment and volatility (as computed through ATSSE and ATSCSD, respectively), where it may seem to be a successful case of crisis management in a small open dynamic economy, namely Malaysia

ECG Signal Compression for Diverse Transforms

Biological signal compression and especially ECG has an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis and survival analysis of heart diseases. Various techniques have been proposed over the years addressing the signal compression. Compression of digital electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is desirable for three reasons- economic use of storage data, reduction of the data transmission rate and transmission bandwidth conversation. ECG signal. In this paper a comparative study of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Discrete Cosine compression is used for telemedicine field and re Transform (DCT) and Wavelet Transform (WT) transform based approach is carried out. Different ECG signals are tested from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database using MATLAB software. The experimental results are obtained for Percent Root Mean Square Difference (PRD), Signal to Noise ratio (SNR) and Compression ratio (CR). The result of ECG signal compression shows better compression performance in DWT compared to DFT, FFT and DCT. Keywords: Electrocardiogram (ECG), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Wavelet Transform (WT)

Volumetric and Adiabatic Compressibility Behaviour of Aqueous Haemoglobin Solution in Presence of Sugar

Measurements of density, ultrasonic velocity were made for investigating the intermolecular interactions. As D- glucose-Haemoglobin–water systems. These systems were chosen due to their vital role in the life of living organisms for such studies. Using density and ultrasonic velocity data, various derived parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (βs),   compressibility lowering (Δβs), relative change in compressibility (Δβs/β0), apparent molal volume (фv), apparent molal adiabatic compressibility (фk), and partial molal volume (фv0), of aqueous Haemoglobin solutions in presence of sugar were obtained for each of the concentrations studied in the temperature range: 303.15-328.15k. Temperature dependence of these data suggests the presence of solute-solute, and solute- solvent interactions as well as on the extent of salvation of the protein molecules in presence of sugar. Therefore, by observing a decrease in the compressibility of the solution and the increase in the apparent molal volume of the protein after the addition of sugar, we can say that the extent of denaturation of protein is reduced and its stabilization was taken place

A Novel Pseudo-PMOS Integrated ISFET Device for Water Quality Monitoring

The paper presents a performance analysis of novel CMOS Integrated pseudo-PMOS ISFET (PP-ISFET) having zero static power dissipation. The main focus is on simulation of power and performance analysis along with the comparison with existing devices, which is used for water quality monitoring. The conventional devices, generally used, consume high power and are not stable for long term monitoring. The conventional device has the drawbacks of low value of slew rate, high power consumption, and nonlinear characteristics, but in this novel design, due to zero static power, less load capacitance on input signals, faster switching, fewer transistors, and higher circuit density, the device exhibits a better slew rate and piecewise linear characteristics and is seen consuming low power of the order of 30 mW. The proposed circuit reduces total power consumption per cycle, increases the speed of operation, is fairly linear, and is simple to implement

The Level of Stress in Male and Female School Students

This study aimed at the level of stress in male and female school students. For the purpose of the study the researcher randomly selected 64 school students aged between 14-18 years. To collect the data researcher used students stress scale (SSS) developed by Dr. Zaki Akhtar (2011). During collection of data researcher used means and method fit for this scale. The result of the study showed boys having much more stress in comparison to girls. The study concluded that school boys are more stressful than school girls

Exchange rate misalignment and economic growth: recent evidence in Malaysia

The present study aims at investigating the growth effects of real exchange rate misalignments in Malaysia over the period 1991:1-2009:4. The RER misalignment is built through the estimation of the NATREX equilibrium model. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration framework, the results indicate the presence of positive and significant relationship between the RER misalignment and economic growth. This finding obtained is consistent with the notion that the RER misalignment through the distortion in relative price has systematic influence on the pattern of economic development