Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal

Irrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal

GIS metadata for an irrigation system, volume 2: selected watercourses within Chishtian Sub-Division

GIS / Satellite surveys / Irrigation canals / Distributary canals / Watercourses / Water allocation / Cropping systems / Tube wells / Pakistan / Chishtian Sub-Division

GIS metadata for an irrigation system, volume I: Chishtian Sub-Division

GIS / Satellite surveys / Irrigation canals / Distributary canals / Watercourses / Soil salinity / Water table / Tube wells / Water quality / Pakistan / Chishtian Sub-Division

Comparison of different tools to assess the water distribution in secondary canals with ungated outlets

Irrigation canals / Distributary canals / Water distribution / Models / Equity / Flow control / Silt / Discharges / Weirs / Flumes / Pakistan / Punjab / Fordwah Distributary / Masood Distributary

Calibration of a semi-distributed hydrological model using discharge and remote sensing data

The objective of this study is to present an approach to calibrate a semi-distributed hydrological model using observed streamflow data and actual evapotranspiration time series estimates based on remote sensing data. First, daily actual evapotranspiration is estimated using available MODIS satellite data, routinely collected meteorological data, and applying the SEBS algorithm. Second, the semi-distributed hydrological model HBV is calibrated and validated using the estimated evapotranspiration and observed discharge. This is done for multiple sub-basins of the Karkheh River basin in Iran. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) is calculated for each sub-basin. Maximum and minimum NS values for the calibration using observed discharge are 0.81 and 0.23, respectively, and using estimated evapotranspiration 0.61 and 0.46, respectively. The comparison of model simulations with multiple observed variables increases the probability of selecting a parameter set that represents the actual hydrological situation of the basin. The new calibration approach can be useful for further applications, especially in data-sparse river basin

The water-food-energy nexus in Pakistan: A biophysical and socio-economic challenge

We draw on previous work examining historical trends, likely future water use and food availability in Pakistan and extend the analysis to consider interactions with hydropower generation and the energy demand in food production due to pumping of groundwater for irrigation. Business-as-usual scenarios suggest growing demands for groundwater and energy use for food production as population grows rapidly. However, groundwater use is already unsustainable in many areas, and energy supply is failing to keep up with demand. Quantifying material linkages between water, food and energy provides a means to explore biophysical constraints. Characterising institutional constraints is equally important, as they can be significant barriers to effective stewardship of water, energy and food resources. The experience in Pakistan reinforces this finding, and we discuss the implications for hydrologists

Salinity management alternatives for the Rechna Doab, Punjab, Pakistan. Volume 4 - Field data collection and processing

Irrigation management / Soil salinity / Agricultural development / Water quality / Data processing / Groundwater / Crop production / Intensive cropping / Models / Farm surveys / Pakistan / Punjab / Rechna Doab

Using state-of-the art RS and GIS for monitoring waterlogging and salinity

In IPTRID, Pakistan - Development of a Research Programme in Irrigation and Drainage: Proceedings of a roundtable meeting, Lahore, Pakistan, 10-11 November 2000. Rome, Italy: IPTRI

Estimating evaporation using the surface energy balance model (SEBAL): a manual for NOAA-AVHRR in Pakistan

Remote sensing / Satellite surveys / Models / Calibrations / Evaporation / Estimation / Handbooks

The Karkheh River Basin: the food basket of Iran under pressure

Development of the Karkheh's water resources has contributed in important ways to Iran's food security and underpinned the livelihoods of both basin farmers and urban consumers. However, the linkages between poverty and agricultural water use in the basin are now weak at best. Furthermore, there is now little if any additional water to develop. As a result, future water policy will need to increasingly focus on management and allocation of existing resources rather than development of new sources of supply, and poverty reduction strategies may need to aim outside agricultural water solutions