Dinamika Manhâj Tarjih Muhammadiyah dalam Merespon Persoalan-persoalan Hukum

Penelitian ini mengkaji “Dinamika Manhâj Tarjih Muhammadiyah dalam Merespons Masalah Hukum”. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan dua pendekatan yaitu historis dan sosiologis. Berdasarkan data yang ada, disimpulkan bahwa manhâj Tarjih Muhammadiyah mengalami evolusi. Perkembangan dan Perubahan sosial membuat Majelis Tarjih dituntut untuk terus menerus melakukan rekonstruksi manhâj untuk mengantisipasi berbagai persoalan yang muncul. Pada awal pembentukannya (1928-1954), manhâj tarjih bersifat monodisiplin yaitu mengembalikan persoalan kepada ajaran wahyu (ketentuan Alqur'an dan al-Sunnah al-Shahihah). Lalu, pada 1954-1986, manhâj tarjih bersifat monodisiplin-paratekstual dengan menggunakan sejumlah metode, seperti: ijmâ`, qiyâs, maslahat mursalah, sadd al-zaî`ah, dan `urf. Kemudian, pada 2000- 2018, manhâj tarjih bercorak multidisiplin, baik dari aspek metode, pendekatan dan juga teknik. Bahkan dikembangkan dengan dua asumsi yakni integralistik dan hierarkhis yang terdiri dari qiyam al-asâsiyah, al-ussl al-kulliyah dan al-ahkâm al-furs'iyyah. Rumusan manhâj tarjih dalam setiap episode dengan parameter tantangan, berbagai konteks dan juga keragaman latar belakang aktor yang duduk di dalamnya, telah melahirkan ciri-ciri manhâj tertentu. Hal ini tidak lepas dari semangat tajdid agar ajaran Islam tetap relevan, dan adaptif dalam konteks kekinian

Anti-microbiological activities of bio-synthesized silver Nano-stars by Saccharopolyspora hirsuta

A novel strain of Saccaropolyspora hirsuta was isolated from an insect Tapinoma simrothi for the first time and was morphologically and physiologically characterized. It was genetically identified using 16S rRNA and sequence similarity percentage in genbank with closely related species as strain ess_amA6 of Saccaropolyspora hirsuta. The accession number of strain ess_amA6 is KF996506. Antagonistic activity of strain ess_amA6 against some pathogenic Gram positive and negative bacteria, and unicellular fungus Candida albicans was studied. In addition, star shaped silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using strain ess_amA6. The silver Nano stars were characterized by UV-us spectrophotometer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the conversion of Ag+ ions to Nano silver due to the reduction by capping material of extract. Transmission electron microscopically studies of biosynthesized Nano silver particles showed that they are spherical ranging from 10 nm to 30 nm in size. Silver atoms were checked in Nano sample by Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Bioactivity of biosynthesized Nano silver was observed against some pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans. These tested microbes were highly sensitive to Nano silver. This study recommended that strain ess_amA6 can be used to effectively biosynthesize bioactive Nano silver compounds. Keywords: Saccharopolyspora hirsute, Nano silver, Antimicrobial, Pathogenic microbe

Effects of partial substitution of fishmeal by soybean meal in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) diet

The experimental trial was conducted in saline water to determine the replacement level of fish meal with locally available plant protein source, the soybean meal on growth performance, survival and body composition of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles reared in floating net cages. Four types of diet (35% crude protein) were formulated where fishmeal was replaced by soybean meal, partially up to 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% designated as treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The diet T1 was the control diet where a fish meal was the main ingredient and sole source of protein. A triplicate group of thirty healthy fish, juveniles (15.58g average initial weight) were stocked in each floating net cage (1.2 x 1.2 x 1.2m). Feeding was done at the rate of apparent visual satiation twice daily for a period of six weeks. At the end of the trial results indicates that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in percent weight gain (%), specific growth rate (SGR %), average daily weight gain (g/ind/day), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) up to 50% fishmeal replacement by comparing with the control diet without soybean meal. However, deterioration in growth performance was noted in fish receiving more than 50% dietary soybean meal. Feed conversion ratio was poorer by increasing the soybean meal over 50%, T4 (2.81±0.74) and T3, (2.55±0.36), which is significantly different from T1 (2.21±0.12) and T2 (2.34±0.34). Survival was 94.99% in all the treatment groups. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found in fish final body carcass composition of protein, ash and moisture contents, but, the lipid level of the fish's body increased (P<0.05) significantly with an increasing fish oil and soybean meal in the diets. As a result, 50% soybean meal in the diet can substitute fishmeal without jeopardizing the growth and health condition of Nile tilapia

The groundwater arsenic problem in Bangladesh

The groundwater arsenic problem in Banglades