Mitigation of Enteric Methane Emission through Feed Modification and Rumen Manipulation

The major of  gas emission in the livestock  sector are in the form of methane produced by microbial activity in the rumen. The emission of methane cause global warming and is predicted to keep increasing. Feed modification and rumen manipulation are important ways that can be used to mitigate methane emission. Based on this condition, this paper aims to describe several ways to mitigate methane emission using feed and rumen modification for smallholder farmers. Feed modification can be done using high Non-Fiber Carbohydrate (NFC) content in feed and also using balance nutrient feed. Meanwhile, rumen modification can be done through inlcusion of feed additive, microbial products, and oils. Providing feed contains high NFC as much as 21.8-53%DM would decrease methane emission by 3.03-28.33%. While providing feed contains balance nutrients would potentially decrease 21.87% of methane emission. Feed additive addition as much as 0.0011-12%DM decreased 0.59-78% of methane emission. Bacterial inclusion as much as 0.7x108 – 3,6x1011CFU decreased 0- 18.57% of methane emission. Oil or fat inclusion as much as 6%DM decreased 6.02-24.53% of methane emission. A combination of methods can be used to optimize methane mitigation and it can be applicable for farmers to raise their livestock in friendly environment

Penerapan Metoda Taguchi Sebagai Usulan Perbaikan Kualitas Dalam Menghadapi Permasalahan Cacat Pada Produk Botol Morning Fresh (Lime) Isi 1000 Ml Di CV. Tunggal Jaya Plastics

One of the company efforts in increasing the sales volume of a product is with maintaining and increasing the quality of a product that have been produce by the company. Therefore, it is very important for the company to analyze and identify the problems that have been caused during the production process so the company can increase the quality of the product and productivity. Problems that cause during analyzing the defect product in production is how to arrange the optimal setting from each factor that significantly related so the company can minimize the defect product. This research was done at CV Tunggal Jaya Plastics and took the Morning Fresh (Lime) 1000 ml case product. Taguchi method is one of the methods that can be used to minimize the defect product by applying robust system for uncontrollable factors. The final result is to know factors that related significantly to the defect product and suggest the level of each factor therefore the defect product can be minimized

Perbedaan Indikator-indikator Obesitas pada Lansia Hipertensi dan Non-hipertensi

Banyak kejadian hipertensi yang tidak terdiagnosa dikarenakan tidak munculnya tanda dan gejala sehingga diperlukan cara penentuan peningkatan risiko hipertensi yang lebih mudah teramati, seperti dari peningkatan IMT, lingkar pinggang (LP) dan rasio lingkar pinggang-panggul (RLPP) yang juga sebagai langkah promosi kesehatan untuk mencegah peningkatan kasus hipertensi dari diri sendiri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan di Posyandu Lansia di Desa Bolon, Kecamatan Colomadu dengan jumlah subjek 30 untuk masing-masing kelompok yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Uji perbedaan dilakukan dengan Independent T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lebih dari separuh responden yang non-hipertensi memiliki IMT, LP dan RLPP yang normal (70%, 67% dan 77%) sedangkan untuk responden yang hipertensi sebagian besar memiliki status gizi lebih (63%, 73% dan 70%). Walaupun lebih dari separuh responden yang hipertensi memiliki IMT lebih, dari uji Independent T-test tidak menunjukkan perbedaaan yang signifikan (nilai p> 0,05). Namun, untuk LP dan RLPP menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara respoden dengan hipertensi dan tidak hipertensi (nilai p< 0,05). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada LP dan RLPP tetapi tidak dengan IMT pada lansia hipertensi dan yang tidak mengalami hipertensi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penumpukan lemak di sekitar Perut yang lebih mempengaruhi tekanan darah dibandingkan dengan IMT atau proporsi tubuh secara keseluruhan

Peningkatan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Laju Reaksi Melalui Pendekatan Saintifik

This research was aimed to describe the effectiveness of scientific approach to improve science process skills on reaction rate topic. The method of the research was quasi experimental with The Matching Only Pretest-Postest Control Group Design. The population of this research was students of the 11th grade of IPA SMAN 9 Bandarlampung on academic year 2016-2017. Sampling was done by purposive sampling and obtained class the 11th grade IPA-5 as experimental class and the 11th grade IPA-6 as control class. The results showed that the average n-gain of science process skills of experimental and control clasess and were 0.71 and 0.23 respectively. The effectiveness of scientific approach in the learning was showed by the significant difference of n-gain between experiment and control class and also students activity. The result of hypothesis testing showed that scientific approach was effective to improve the science process skills in the learning of reaction rate topic. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas pendekatan saintifik dalam meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains pada pembelajaran laju reaksi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan The Matching Only Pretest-Postest Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 9 Bandarlampung Tahun Pelajaran 2016-2017. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling dan diperoleh kelas XI IPA-5 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XI IPA-6 sebagai kelas kontrol. Efektivitas pendekatan pada pembelajaran ditunjukkan berdasarkan perbedaan n-gain yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kontrol serta aktivitas siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata n-gain keterampilan proses sains untuk kelas kontrol dan eksperimen masing-masing sebesar 0,23 dan 0,71. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan saintifik efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains pada pembelajaran laju reaksi

Refleksi Hubungan Sosial Antartokoh Dalam Novel Padang Bulan Karya Andrea Hirata: Kajian Sosiologi Sastra

The article aims to describe two things, which is: (1) reflection of social relationship inter figure in novel Padang Bulan by Andrea Hirata, and (2) reflection of social relationship inter figure and other society in novel Padang Bulan by Andrea Hirata. The data of this article is collected by read and mark that refers to reflections of social relationship interfigure in novel Padang Bulan by Andrea Hirata. The results of this article are: First, the reflection and Social relationship among figure and other figure in novel Padang Bulan by Andrea Hirata, which is (1) the social relationship between Ikal and A Ling ( coorporation), (2) the social relationship between Ikal and his Father (contradiction), (3) the social relasionship between Ikal and Enong (coorporation), (4) the social relasionhip between Ikal and Detective M. Nur (coorporation), and (5) the social relasionship between Ikal and Zinar (competition). Second,the reflection and social relationship inter figure in other society in novel Padang Bulan by Andrea Hirata is relationship of coorporation

Konversi Biji Alpukat Menjadi Bio-oil dengan Metode Pyrolisis Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam

The trend of fossil fuel demand is always increase by time in the world. Yet, petroleum oil as a non-renewable has been declining each year. It is necessary to find a new alternative fuel that can be renewed, such as to applied biomasses as resources energy. One of several potential biomasses can be converted to energy or bio-oil is the seed of an avocado because it's contain so high fat fatty acid (FFA). This seed has not been used maximacally yet, so in this research this seed is converted into bio-oil by using pyrolysis method and natural zeolite as a catalyst. The purpose of this research is to get the highest yield of bio-oil by applied variation of ratio sample : catalyst (50:0, 50:1, 50:2, 50:3 g/g), and temperature variation of pyrolysis process is 270, 300, 330 ºC. Based on results in this research, the highest of bio-oil is 79,08 % found under condition ratio sampel : catalyst 50 :2 and pyrolysis temperature is 330 ºC. The bio-oil is analyzed and it's density 0.988 g/ml, viscosity 7,560 cSt, acid value 0,1002 mg NaOH/ g sample, flash point 56 ºC and heating value 17,354 MJ/kg. Based on GC-MS analyzed bio-oil were contained (2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene), (3,4,4-trimethyl-2- pentene), (Diisobutylene), (2,4,4-trimethyl-3-pentene) and (2-methyl-trimer- propene) with peak area (7,84%), (7,82%), (5,69%), (3,82%) and (3,58%)