Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women

Initial presenting manifestations in 16,486 patients with inborn errors of immunity include infections and noninfectious manifestations

none313siBackground: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are rare diseases, which makes diagnosis a challenge. A better description of the initial presenting manifestations should improve awareness and avoid diagnostic delay. Although increased infection susceptibility is a well-known initial IEI manifestation, less is known about the frequency of other presenting manifestations. Objective: We sought to analyze age-related initial presenting manifestations of IEI including different IEI disease cohorts. Methods: We analyzed data on 16,486 patients of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies Registry. Patients with autoinflammatory diseases were excluded because of the limited number registered. Results: Overall, 68% of patients initially presented with infections only, 9% with immune dysregulation only, and 9% with a combination of both. Syndromic features were the presenting feature in 12%, 4% had laboratory abnormalities only, 1.5% were diagnosed because of family history only, and 0.8% presented with malignancy. Two-third of patients with IEI presented before the age of 6 years, but a quarter of patients developed initial symptoms only as adults. Immune dysregulation was most frequently recognized as an initial IEI manifestation between age 6 and 25 years, with male predominance until age 10 years, shifting to female predominance after age 40 years. Infections were most prevalent as a first manifestation in patients presenting after age 30 years. Conclusions: An exclusive focus on infection-centered warning signs would have missed around 25% of patients with IEI who initially present with other manifestations.noneThalhammer J.; Kindle G.; Nieters A.; Rusch S.; Seppanen M.R.J.; Fischer A.; Grimbacher B.; Edgar D.; Buckland M.; Mahlaoui N.; Ehl S.; Boztug K.; Brunner J.; Demel U.F.; Forster-Waldl E.; Gasteiger L.M.; Goschl L.; Kojic M.; Schroll A.; Seidel M.G.; Wintergerst U.; Wisgrill L.; Sharapova S.O.; Goffard J.-C.; Kerre T.; Meyts I.; Roosens F.; Smet J.; Haerynck F.; Eric Z.P.; Milenova V.; Gagro A.; Richter D.; Chovancova Z.; Hlavackova E.; Litzman J.; Milota T.; Sediva A.; Elaziz D.A.; Alkady R.S.; El Sayed El Hawary R.; Eldash A.S.; Galal N.; Lotfy S.; Meshaal S.S.; Reda S.M.; Sobh A.; Elmarsafy A.; Brosselin P.; Courteille V.; De Vergnes N.; Kracker S.; Pergent M.; Randrianomenjanahary P.; Ahrenstorf G.; Albert M.H.; Ankermann T.; Atschekzei F.; Baumann U.; Becker B.C.; Behrends U.; Belohradsky B.H.; Biegner A.-K.; Binder N.; Bode S.F.N.; Boesecke C.; Boetticher B.; Borte M.; Borte S.; Classen C.F.; Dirks J.; Duckers G.; El-Helou S.; Ernst D.; Fasshauer M.; Fecker G.; Felgentreff K.; Foell D.; Ghosh S.; Girschick H.J.; Goldacker S.; Graf N.; Graf D.; Greil J.; Hanitsch L.G.; Hauck F.; Heeg M.; Heine S.I.; Henes J.C.; Hoenig M.; Holzer U.; Holzinger D.; Horneff G.; Hundsdoerfer P.; Jablonka A.; Jakoby D.; Joean O.; Kaiser-Labusch P.; Klemann C.; Kobbe R.; Korholz J.; Kramm C.M.; Kruger R.; Landwehr-Kenzel S.; Lehmberg K.; Liese J.G.; Lippert C.F.; Maccari M.E.; Masjosthusmann K.; Meinhardt A.; Metzler M.; Morbach H.; Muller I.; Naumann-Bartsch N.; Neubert J.; Niehues T.; Peter H.-H.; Rieber N.; Ritterbusch H.; Rockstroh J.K.; Roesler J.; Schauer U.; Scheible R.; Schmalzing M.; Schmidt R.E.; Schneider D.T.; Schreiber S.; Schuetz C.; Schulz A.; Schulze-Koops H.; Schulze-Sturm U.; Schuster V.; Schwaneck E.C.; Schwarz K.; Schwarze-Zander C.; Sirin M.; Skapenko A.; Sogkas G.; Sparber-Sauer M.; Speckmann C.; Steinmann S.; Stiehler S.; Tenbrock K.; von Bernuth H.; Warnatz K.; Wasmuth J.-C.; Weiss M.; Witte T.; Wittke K.; Wittkowski H.; Zeuner R.A.; Farmaki E.; Hatzistilianou M.N.; Kakkas I.; Kanariou M.G.; Kapousouzi A.; Liatsis E.; Maggina P.; Papadopoulou-Alataki E.; Raptaki M.; Speletas M.; Tantou S.; Goda V.; Krivan G.; Marodi L.; Abolhassani H.; Aghamohammadi A.; Rezaei N.; Feighery C.; Leahy T.R.; Ryan P.; Batzir N.A.; Garty B.Z.; Tamary H.; Aiuti A.; Amodio D.; Azzari C.; Barzaghi F.; Baselli L.A.; Cancrini C.; Carrabba M.; Cazzaniga M.; Cesaro S.; Chinello M.; Danieli M.G.; Dellepiane R.M.; Fabio G.; Gambineri E.; Lodi L.; Lougaris V.; Marasco C.; Martire B.; Marzollo A.; Milito C.; Moschese V.; Pignata C.; Plebani A.; Porta F.; Quinti I.; Ricci S.; Soresina A.; Tommasini A.; Vacca A.; Vanessa C.; Blaziene A.; Sitkauskiene B.; Gowin E.; Heropolitanska-Pliszka E.; Pietrucha B.; Szaflarska A.; Wiesik-Szewczyk E.; Wolska-Kusnierz B.; Esteves I.; Faria E.; Marques L.H.; Neves J.F.; Silva S.L.; Teixeira C.; Pereira da Silva S.; Capilna B.R.; Guseva M.N.; Shcherbina A.; Bobcakova A.; Ciznar P.; Gabzdilova J.; Jesenak M.; Kapustova L.; Orosova J.; Petrovicova O.; Raffac S.; Kopac P.; Allende L.M.; Antoli A.; Blanch G.R.; Carbone J.; Dieli-Crimi R.; Garcia-Prat M.; Gil-Herrera J.; Gonzalez-Granado L.I.; Agullo P.L.; Olbrich P.; Parra-Martinez A.; Paz-Artal E.; Pleguezuelo D.E.; Rodriguez N.S.; Sanchez-Ramon S.; Santos-Perez J.L.; Solanich X.; Soler-Palacin P.; Gonzalez-Amores M.; Ekwall O.; Fasth A.; Bitzenhofer-Gruber M.; Candotti F.; Dimitriou F.; Heininger U.; Holbro A.; Jandus P.; Kolios A.G.A.; Marschall K.; Schmid J.P.; Posfay-Barbe K.M.; Prader S.; Reichenbach J.; Steiner U.C.; Truck J.; Bredius R.G.; de Kruijf- Bazen S.; de Vries E.; Henriet S.S.V.; Kuijpers T.W.; Potjewijd J.; Rutgers A.; Stol K.; van Aerde K.J.; Van den Berg J.M.; van de Ven A.A.J.M.; Montfrans J.; Aydemir S.; Baris S.; Dogu F.; Ikinciogullari A.; Karakoc-Aydiner E.; Kilic S.S.; Kiykim A.; Kokcu Karadag S.I.; Kutukculer N.; Ocak S.; UNAL E.; Boyarchuk O.; Hilfanova A.; Kostyuchenko L.V.; Alachkar H.; Arkwright P.D.; Baxendale H.E.; Bernatoniene J.; Coulter T.I.; Garcez T.; Goddard S.; Gompels M.M.; Grigoriadou S.; Herriot R.; Herwadkar A.; Huissoon A.; Ibberson L.; Nademi Z.; Noorani S.; Parvin S.; Steele C.L.; Thomas M.; Waruiru C.; Yong P.F.K.; Bourne H.Thalhammer, J.; Kindle, G.; Nieters, A.; Rusch, S.; Seppanen, M. R. J.; Fischer, A.; Grimbacher, B.; Edgar, D.; Buckland, M.; Mahlaoui, N.; Ehl, S.; Boztug, K.; Brunner, J.; Demel, U. F.; Forster-Waldl, E.; Gasteiger, L. M.; Goschl, L.; Kojic, M.; Schroll, A.; Seidel, M. G.; Wintergerst, U.; Wisgrill, L.; Sharapova, S. O.; Goffard, J. -C.; Kerre, T.; Meyts, I.; Roosens, F.; Smet, J.; Haerynck, F.; Eric, Z. P.; Milenova, V.; Gagro, A.; Richter, D.; Chovancova, Z.; Hlavackova, E.; Litzman, J.; Milota, T.; Sediva, A.; Elaziz, D. A.; Alkady, R. S.; El Sayed El Hawary, R.; Eldash, A. S.; Galal, N.; Lotfy, S.; Meshaal, S. S.; Reda, S. M.; Sobh, A.; Elmarsafy, A.; Brosselin, P.; Courteille, V.; De Vergnes, N.; Kracker, S.; Pergent, M.; Randrianomenjanahary, P.; Ahrenstorf, G.; Albert, M. H.; Ankermann, T.; Atschekzei, F.; Baumann, U.; Becker, B. C.; Behrends, U.; Belohradsky, B. H.; Biegner, A. -K.; Binder, N.; Bode, S. F. N.; Boesecke, C.; Boetticher, B.; Borte, M.; Borte, S.; Classen, C. F.; Dirks, J.; Duckers, G.; El-Helou, S.; Ernst, D.; Fasshauer, M.; Fecker, G.; Felgentreff, K.; Foell, D.; Ghosh, S.; Girschick, H. J.; Goldacker, S.; Graf, N.; Graf, D.; Greil, J.; Hanitsch, L. G.; Hauck, F.; Heeg, M.; Heine, S. I.; Henes, J. C.; Hoenig, M.; Holzer, U.; Holzinger, D.; Horneff, G.; Hundsdoerfer, P.; Jablonka, A.; Jakoby, D.; Joean, O.; Kaiser-Labusch, P.; Klemann, C.; Kobbe, R.; Korholz, J.; Kramm, C. M.; Kruger, R.; Landwehr-Kenzel, S.; Lehmberg, K.; Liese, J. G.; Lippert, C. F.; Maccari, M. E.; Masjosthusmann, K.; Meinhardt, A.; Metzler, M.; Morbach, H.; Muller, I.; Naumann-Bartsch, N.; Neubert, J.; Niehues, T.; Peter, H. -H.; Rieber, N.; Ritterbusch, H.; Rockstroh, J. K.; Roesler, J.; Schauer, U.; Scheible, R.; Schmalzing, M.; Schmidt, R. E.; Schneider, D. T.; Schreiber, S.; Schuetz, C.; Schulz, A.; Schulze-Koops, H.; Schulze-Sturm, U.; Schuster, V.; Schwaneck, E. C.; Schwarz, K.; Schwarze-Zander, C.; Sirin, M.; Skapenko, A.; Sogkas, G.; Sparber-Sauer, M.; Speckmann, C.; Steinmann, S.; Stiehler, S.; Tenbrock, K.; von Bernuth, H.; Warnatz, K.; Wasmuth, J. -C.; Weiss, M.; Witte, T.; Wittke, K.; Wittkowski, H.; Zeuner, R. A.; Farmaki, E.; Hatzistilianou, M. N.; Kakkas, I.; Kanariou, M. G.; Kapousouzi, A.; Liatsis, E.; Maggina, P.; Papadopoulou-Alataki, E.; Raptaki, M.; Speletas, M.; Tantou, S.; Goda, V.; Krivan, G.; Marodi, L.; Abolhassani, H.; Aghamohammadi, A.; Rezaei, N.; Feighery, C.; Leahy, T. R.; Ryan, P.; Batzir, N. A.; Garty, B. Z.; Tamary, H.; Aiuti, A.; Amodio, D.; Azzari, C.; Barzaghi, F.; Baselli, L. A.; Cancrini, C.; Carrabba, M.; Cazzaniga, M.; Cesaro, S.; Chinello, M.; Danieli, M. G.; Dellepiane, R. M.; Fabio, G.; Gambineri, E.; Lodi, L.; Lougaris, V.; Marasco, C.; Martire, B.; Marzollo, A.; Milito, C.; Moschese, V.; Pignata, C.; Plebani, A.; Porta, F.; Quinti, I.; Ricci, S.; Soresina, A.; Tommasini, A.; Vacca, A.; Vanessa, C.; Blaziene, A.; Sitkauskiene, B.; Gowin, E.; Heropolitanska-Pliszka, E.; Pietrucha, B.; Szaflarska, A.; Wiesik-Szewczyk, E.; Wolska-Kusnierz, B.; Esteves, I.; Faria, E.; Marques, L. H.; Neves, J. F.; Silva, S. L.; Teixeira, C.; Pereira da Silva, S.; Capilna, B. R.; Guseva, M. N.; Shcherbina, A.; Bobcakova, A.; Ciznar, P.; Gabzdilova, J.; Jesenak, M.; Kapustova, L.; Orosova, J.; Petrovicova, O.; Raffac, S.; Kopac, P.; Allende, L. M.; Antoli, A.; Blanch, G. R.; Carbone, J.; Dieli-Crimi, R.; Garcia-Prat, M.; Gil-Herrera, J.; Gonzalez-Granado, L. I.; Agullo, P. L.; Olbrich, P.; Parra-Martinez, A.; Paz-Artal, E.; Pleguezuelo, D. E.; Rodriguez, N. S.; Sanchez-Ramon, S.; Santos-Perez, J. L.; Solanich, X.; Soler-Palacin, P.; Gonzalez-Amores, M.; Ekwall, O.; Fasth, A.; Bitzenhofer-Gruber, M.; Candotti, F.; Dimitriou, F.; Heininger, U.; Holbro, A.; Jandus, P.; Kolios, A. G. A.; Marschall, K.; Schmid, J. P.; Posfay-Barbe, K. M.; Prader, S.; Reichenbach, J.; Steiner, U. C.; Truck, J.; Bredius, R. G.; de Kruijf- Bazen, S.; de Vries, E.; Henriet, S. S. V.; Kuijpers, T. W.; Potjewijd, J.; Rutgers, A.; Stol, K.; van Aerde, K. J.; Van den Berg, J. M.; van de Ven, A. A. J. M.; Montfrans, J.; Aydemir, S.; Baris, S.; Dogu, F.; Ikinciogullari, A.; Karakoc-Aydiner, E.; Kilic, S. S.; Kiykim, A.; Kokcu Karadag, S. I.; Kutukculer, N.; Ocak, S.; Unal, E.; Boyarchuk, O.; Hilfanova, A.; Kostyuchenko, L. V.; Alachkar, H.; Arkwright, P. D.; Baxendale, H. E.; Bernatoniene, J.; Coulter, T. I.; Garcez, T.; Goddard, S.; Gompels, M. M.; Grigoriadou, S.; Herriot, R.; Herwadkar, A.; Huissoon, A.; Ibberson, L.; Nademi, Z.; Noorani, S.; Parvin, S.; Steele, C. L.; Thomas, M.; Waruiru, C.; Yong, P. F. K.; Bourne, H