4 research outputs found
Effect of Mucuna pruriens Seed Extract Pretreatment on the Responses of Spontaneously Beating Rat Atria and Aortic Ring to Naja sputatrix (Javan Spitting Cobra) Venom
Mucuna pruriens Linn. (velvet bean) has been used by native Nigerians as a prophylactic for snakebite. Rats pretreated with M. pruriens seed extract (MPE) have been shown to protect against the lethal and cardiovascular depressant effects of Naja sputatrix (Javan spitting cobra) venoms, and the protective effect involved immunological neutralization of the venom toxins. To investigate further the mechanism of the protective effect of MPE pretreatment against cobra venom toxicity, the actions of Naja sputatrix venom on spontaneously beating rat atria and aortic rings isolated from both MPE pretreated and untreated rats were studied. Our results showed that the MPE pretreatment conferred protection against cobra venom-induced depression of atrial contractility and atrial rate in the isolated atrial preparations, but it had no effect on the venom-induced contractile response of aortic ring preparation. These observations suggested that the protective effect of MPE pretreatment against cobra venom toxicity involves a direct protective action of MPE on the heart function, in addition to the known immunological neutralization mechanism, and that the protective effect does not involve action on blood vessel contraction. The results also suggest that M. pruriens seed may contain novel cardioprotective agent with potential therapeutic value
Comparative incidence of adverse drug reaction during the first and subsequent year of antiretroviral therapy in a Nigerian HIV infected Cohort
Background: Despite close to two decades of antiretroviral therapy
(ART) in Nigeria, data on late on-onset ART-associated adverse drug
reactions (ADRs) are sparse. Objectives: To describe early and
late-onset ADRs and compare their incidence in an outpatient HIV
positive Cohort on ART. Method: We described the incidence of clinical
ADRs identified and documented in an outpatient clinic cohort of
HIV-positive patients treated between June 2004 and December 2015 at a
tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Incidence rates of ADRs during the
first and subsequent years of ART were compared. Results: of the 13,983
patients\u2019 data analyzed, 9317 were females (66%), and those in
the age bracket of 25 to 45 years made up 78% of the studied
population. During 52,411 person-years (py) of ART, 1485 incident ADRs
were recorded; Incidence rate (IR) 28.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]
26.9:29.8) ADRs per 1000 person-years (py) of ART. The IR of ADRs was
about two times higher in the first year of ART compared to subsequent
years of treatment; crude incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.77 (95% CI
1.59:1.97). Anemia, hypersensitivity reactions, and nervous system
disorders had 7, 23, and 5 times higher incidence, respectively, in the
first year of therapy, compared to subsequent years. Conclusion: The
first year of ART is the period of highest risk of ADRs. Individual and
programmatic treatment success in resource-limited settings requires
strategies for early identification and management of ADR during the
period of greatest risk of ADRs
The protective effects of Mucuna pruriens seed extract against histopathological changes induced by Malayan cobra (Naja sputatrix) venom in rats,”
Mucuna pruriens Linn. (velvet bean) has been used by native Nigerians as a prophylactic for snakebite. Rats pretreated with M. pruriens seed extract (MPE) have been shown to protect against the lethal and cardiovascular depressant effects of Naja sputatrix (Javan spitting cobra) venoms, and the protective effect involved immunological neutralization of the venom toxins. To investigate further the mechanism of the protective effect of MPE pretreatment against cobra venom toxicity, the actions of Naja sputatrix venom on spontaneously beating rat atria and aortic rings isolated from both MPE pretreated and untreated rats were studied. Our results showed that the MPE pretreatment conferred protection against cobra venom-induced depression of atrial contractility and atrial rate in the isolated atrial preparations, but it had no effect on the venom-induced contractile response of aortic ring preparation. These observations suggested that the protective effect of MPE pretreatment against cobra venom toxicity involves a direct protective action of MPE on the heart function, in addition to the known immunological neutralization mechanism, and that the protective effect does not involve action on blood vessel contraction. The results also suggest that M. pruriens seed may contain novel cardioprotective agent with potential therapeutic value