Proposal for Energy Social Responsibility

The paper significantly works upon, how as per the newly implemented mandate under ‘The Companies Act, 2013’ organizations in India having turnover >100 cr &>200 cr (PAN India) or having net profit of at least 5 Crore have to spend 2 percent of their profit as part of CSR Corporate Social Responsibility to carry a philanthropic activity. As a social responsibility towards environment sustainability, India needs to change to renewable sources of energy which are non-polluting which will also support increasing demand for power and electricity. For economic as well as environmental rationales, this paper tries to recommend ESR (Energy Sustainability Responsibility) that can be accumulated through monetary support by all of the BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) and NSE (National Stock Exchange) companies that in contrast can be accommodated on the research and development as well as infrastructural development of non-conventional and renewable sources of energy. The proposal can support India as well as countries across time zones to save fossil fuel reserves for future and create sustainability of these reserves. For the same objective the paper is addressing the applicability of ESR for setting up projects for renewable source of energy and cost involved in setting up of these projects vis-a-vis the efficient use of funds accumulated by the target companies by way of ESR: Energy Social Responsibility. The research design used is both descriptive and exploratory

From OECD to India: Exploring cross-cultural differences in perceived trust, responsibility and reliance of AI and human experts

AI is getting more involved in tasks formerly exclusively assigned to humans. Most of research on perceptions and social acceptability of AI in these areas is mainly restricted to the Western world. In this study, we compare trust, perceived responsibility, and reliance of AI and human experts across OECD and Indian sample. We find that OECD participants consider humans to be less capable but more morally trustworthy and more responsible than AI. In contrast, Indian participants trust humans more than AI but assign equal responsibility for both types of experts. We discuss implications of the observed differences for algorithmic ethics and human-computer interaction

Queer In AI: A Case Study in Community-Led Participatory AI

We present Queer in AI as a case study for community-led participatory design in AI. We examine how participatory design and intersectional tenets started and shaped this community's programs over the years. We discuss different challenges that emerged in the process, look at ways this organization has fallen short of operationalizing participatory and intersectional principles, and then assess the organization's impact. Queer in AI provides important lessons and insights for practitioners and theorists of participatory methods broadly through its rejection of hierarchy in favor of decentralization, success at building aid and programs by and for the queer community, and effort to change actors and institutions outside of the queer community. Finally, we theorize how communities like Queer in AI contribute to the participatory design in AI more broadly by fostering cultures of participation in AI, welcoming and empowering marginalized participants, critiquing poor or exploitative participatory practices, and bringing participation to institutions outside of individual research projects. Queer in AI's work serves as a case study of grassroots activism and participatory methods within AI, demonstrating the potential of community-led participatory methods and intersectional praxis, while also providing challenges, case studies, and nuanced insights to researchers developing and using participatory methods.Comment: To appear at FAccT 202

Demystifying the Chinese Social Credit System: A Case Study on AI-Powered Control Systems in China

In recent times, the social credit systems (SCS) and similar AI-driven mass surveillance systems have been deployed by the Chinese government in various regions. However, the discussions around the SCS are ambiguous: some people call them very controversial and a breach of human rights, while other people say that the SCS are very similar in structure to the company rankings or background checks on individuals in the United States. In reality, though, there is no monolith and there are different forms of SCS deployed in different regions of China. In this paper, I review the different models of the Chinese SCS. Then, I compare how the different systems are upholding or breaching China’s own AI Ethics guidelines

Understanding the Characteristics of Visual Contents in Open Source Issue Discussions: A Case Study of Jupyter Notebook

Most issue tracking systems for open source software (OSS) development include features for community members to embed visual contents, such as images and videos, to enhance the discussion. Although playing an important role, there is little knowledge on the characteristics of the visual contents to support their use. To address this gap, we conducted an empirical study on the Jupyter Notebook project. We found that more than a quarter of the issues in the Jupyter Notebook project included visual contents. Additionally, issues that had visual contents in the comments but not in the issue posts tended to have a longer discussion and to involve a larger number of discussants. In our qualitative analysis, we identified eight types of visual contents in our sample, with about 60% including screenshots or mockups of the main product. We also found that visual contents served diverse purposes, touching both problem and solution spaces of the issues. Our effort serves as an important step towards a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of visual contents in OSS issue discussions. Our results provided several design implications for issue tracking systems to better facilitate the use of visual contents.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, EASE 2022 Short Pape

Clinical Characteristics and Management of the Hydatid Cyst of the Liver: A Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal

A hydatid cyst of the liver is a significant yet neglected public health problem in Nepal. The present study was carried out to evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, and management of the patients of the hydatid cyst of the liver in the setting of a developing country. It was a retrospective, descriptive analysis of 53 patients admitted in the department of surgery with the diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the liver based on clinical manifestations, imaging studies, or serology between 2016 and 2019. The median age of the patients was 36 years, with the age group of 25-45 years being the most commonly affected (23, 43.4%). 58.5% of the patients were female. Abdominal pain (49, 92.5%) and a palpable liver (17, 32.1%) were the most common complaint and physical finding in our study population, respectively. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography scan were the major imaging studies used to establish a diagnosis. A unilocular and anechoic cystic lesion was the most frequent imaging finding. The right lobe of the liver harbored the cysts in the maximum number of patients. Surgery was the preferred modality of treatment (23, 43.4%), with pericystectomy being the most common form of surgical intervention. The hydatid cyst of the liver is a common cause of morbidity in Nepal. Clinical evaluation supplemented by imaging studies is required for diagnosis, and surgery remains the treatment of choice in most cases. To explain the epidemiological pattern of the disease, multicentric studies involving a larger sample of patients should be conducted

Copanlisib in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and solid tumors: An efficacy and safety analysis

Introduction: Copanlisib is an intravenous pan-class I PI3K inhibitor with predominant activity against the α and δ isoforms. We conducted this review to assess the efficacy and safety of copanlisib in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and other solid tumors. Methods: A systematic search of the electronic database (PubMed, Cochrane, Clinicaltrials.gov, Google scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) was conducted for relevant studies. Any clinical trial with clear outcome measures on the efficacy or safety of copanlisib in NHL or other solid tumors were eligible for inclusion. The objective response rate (ORR) and the complete response (CR) rate were used to assess the efficacy. Incidence of all grade and grade 3-4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) were calculated to evaluate the safety profile. Results: We analyzed seven single-arm prospective clinical trials. The pooled ORR was 39.1% (95% CI: 21.0-60.7%) for NHL cohort. The pooled CR rate for NHL was 10.9% (95% CI: 6.9-16.8%). Indolent NHL had a higher rate of response than aggressive NHL (ORR 56.9% vs. 22.8%; CR rate 15.8% vs. 7.6%). The pooled incidence rate of grade 3-4 TEAE was 73.9% (95% CI: 66.4-80.3%). Most common grade 3-4 TEAE were: hyperglycemia (31.4%), hypertension (29.8%), neutropenia (18.3%), anemia (7.4%), and pneumonia (6.8%). Conclusions: Copanlisib is effective in the treatment of relapsed or refractory NHL, with a higher rate of response in indolent NHL than aggressive NHL. Hyperglycemia and hypertension were the most common adverse event

Therapy-related Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors: Risk, Survival Outcomes and Prognostic Factor Analysis

BACKGROUND: Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (tAML) is a serious complication in patients with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) exposed to chemotherapy or radiation. This extensive database study aims to quantify the risk of tAML in NHL and determine the impact of tAML on the overall survival (OS) of patients with NHL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with NHL and de novo AML from 2009 to 2018 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Multiple primary standardized incidence ratio (SIR) sessions of the SEER*Stat software were used to calculate SIR and the absolute excess risk of tAML. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared using log-rank tests. Multivariate analysis was used to study the role of each covariate on OS in patients with tAML. RESULTS: The SIR of tAML was 4.89 (95% CI 4.41-5.41), with a higher incidence of tAML observed for age \u3c 60 \u3e years, NHL prior to 2013 and within 5 years of diagnosis, and those who received chemotherapy. NHL patients with tAML had lower OS than those without tAML (5-year OS 59% vs. 13%, p \u3c 0.001). Patients with tAML showed worse OS than de novo AML in univariate analysis (5-year OS 13% vs. 25%, p = 0.001) but not in multivariate analysis (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.82-1.04, p = 0.21). Age ≥ 60 years and lack of chemotherapy were associated with poor OS in tAML subcategory. CONCLUSION: Age, time since NHL diagnosis, and receipt of chemotherapy directly influence the risk of development of tAML in NHL survivors

Risk of second primary malignancy in patients with primary myelofibrosis: a SEER database study

Prior studies report a greater incidence of second primary malignancy (SPM) among patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, although the true risk in primary myelofibrosis (PMF) has not been elucidated. We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to evaluate the risk of SPM in PMF patients and analyzed the effects of sociodemographic factors on the risk of SPM. Out of 5273 patients, 385 patients (7.30%) developed SPM. SPM occurred at SIR of 1.95 (95% CI 1.76–2.15) and AER of 149.01 per 10,000 population. A significantly higher incidence of melanoma (SIR 1.76, 95% CI 1.01–2.86), lymphoma (SIR 3.38, 95% CI 2.28–4.83), and leukemia (SIR 27.19, 95% CI 23.09-31.81) was observed. The risk was significantly higher in patients ≤ 60 years, males, chemotherapy recipients, within 5 years of PMF diagnosis, and for PMF diagnosed after 2009