Marketing of fishing gear materials and fishing gear making in parts of Kainji Lake basin

The importance of fishing gear in fishing cannot be over-emphasized; as without it fish cannot be obtained. The method used to catch fish affects the condition in which the product is landed. This means that a bad-catching method would produced bad fish to the consumer. To achieve the goal of self-sufficiency in fish production in Nigeria, there is need to address the lingering problems of fishing gear and craft technology, especially in terms of availability of materials and their cost. The sale and making of fishing gear materials are two areas of fisheries, which are yet to be exploited by the general public as forms of businesses for livelihood. The study is conducted in villages around the lower part of Kainji Lake, towards the dam, including New Bussa. It reveals that only the fishermen themselves are involved in making their own fishing gears while those involved in the selling of fishing gear materials like the sheet netting, ropes, twines, floats, sinkers etc are business men and women who may not have any experience of fishing. Also considered in the study is the art of making fishing crafts like the canoe and gourd. Very few entrepreneurs are involved and they are so skilled that each is specialized in the making of only one kind of craft or gea

Mesh size selectivity of multifilament gill net at Fakun village, north of Lake Jebba

Studies on the mesh size selectivity of multifilament gill net at Fakun village North of Lake Jebba were carried out. Four different sizes (76mm, 101mm, 126mm and 177mm) of multifilament nets were used in the construction of the gill net with hanging ratio 0.5 each. Daily catch from the nets were examined for seven weeks. The fish caught comprised of nine (9) species, belonging to six (6) families. The result of analysis of variance of the number of species caught showed significant difference (P<0.05) among the different sizes of the gill net. The catch mean weight for each mesh size (76mm, 101mm, 126mm and 177mm), was 266.91, 285.54, 305.10 and 349.02 respectively. Also the relative percentage of number of species caught by each of the mesh size was 39.48% for 76mm, 23.58% for 101mm, 22.44% for 126mm and 14.48% for 177mm, which depicts the selectivity in the catch of the gill nets in this experiment

Preliminary evaluation of a new fishing pot trap in Lake Kainji, Nigeria

Based on personal working relationship with artisan fishers in the southern portion of Lake Kainji, North Western Nigeria, a new fishing pot trap made with polyvinyl chloride pipe material was designed, fabricated and its performance evaluated by comparison with the traditional Malian trap. The aim was to have a fishing pot trap that is long-lasting and be at least as effective as the Malian trap in fish catch. The results of the study revealed the advantages and limitations in the design and mode of operation of each of the trap type and recommended areas of improvement. Data collected on fish diversity, number and weight were subjected to descriptive statistics and Student’s t-test. The results showed that nineteen fish species belonging to ten families were caught. While the same species density index (SDI) of 0.84 was recorded for both traps, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the catch by number and weight of the two traps

The marketing and distribution of fish in New Bussa fish market area of Niger State

Fish marketing and distribution in New-Bussa market was studied weekly for three months (August -October, 2005). The result showed that the major fish species common in New-Bussa fish market are Clarias,Citharinus,Mormyrus,Bagrus,Alestes, Synondontis,Lates, Chrysicthyes, Tilapia, Hydrocynus and Clarotes. The business of catching, marketing and distribution of fish is controlled by young men and women of the age bracket of 14-40 years old. Over 15 different ethnic groups from 14 states in Nigeria and Ghana, Chad, Benin Republic, Mali are involved in fish marketing and distribution business in New-Bussa. The indigenous ethnic groups are Gungawa, Busawa, Kambari, and Nupe, they formed 65% of the ethnic groups found in New-Bussa. The remaining ethnic groups are migrants. Women dominated the trading and processing of fish

Work functions of pristine and alkali-metal intercalated carbon nanotubes and bundles

The work functions (WF) of single-walled carbon nanotubes and bundles are studied using first principles methods. For individual metallic tubes, the WF is independent of the chirality and increase slightly with tube diameter. For semiconducting tubes, the WF (as defined by the HOMO energy) decreases rapidly. The WF of nanotube bundles ($\sim$ 5 eV) shows no clear dependence on the tube size and chirality, slightly higher than individual tubes. Calculations on finite tubes show no substantial difference in the tube end and the side wall. Upon alkali-metal intercalation, the WF decreases dramatically and the electronic states near the Fermi level are significantly modified. The metallic and semiconducting nanotubes bundles become indistinguishable.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry(1,2). Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis(3), and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach(4), we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry(5). Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries

Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry(1,2). Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis(3), and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach(4), we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry(5). Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries.Paroxysmal Cerebral Disorder