Experimental investigation of the use of sharp edges for the production of positive ions in field-ionization mass spectrometry

Various commercial razor blades have been tested for field ionization performance and compared with edges prepared electrochemically from platinum and tungsten foils. The results are correlated with data obtained from electron micrographs of the various edges. It is concluded that tungsten edges offer the best compromise between field ionization efficiency and durability of the edge

An unexpected relationship between solvent inclusion and gas sorption properties of chiral calixsalen solids^*

<p>Experimental evidence is provided that tentatively shows a relationship between inclusion and sorption properties within a series of halogenated homochiral calixsalens. Calixsalens with Cl and Br substituents at the C5 position on the aromatic rings display remarkable sorption properties for all of the investigated gases, as well as the ability to form inclusion compounds with chemically different solvents, while unsubstituted (H-) and F-substituted calixsalens do not show any of these properties.</p> <p>There is a tentative relationship between solvent inclusion and gas sorption properties within a series of halogenated homochiral calixsalens. Calixsalens with Cl and Br substituents at the C5 position on the aromatic rings display remarkable sorption properties for a selection of gases, as well as the ability to form inclusion compounds with chemically different solvents, while unsubstituted (H-) and F-substituted calixsalens do not show any of these properties.</p

From Cavities to Channels in Host:Guest Complexes of Bridged Trianglamine and Aliphatic Alcohols

We demonstrate that covalently bonded chiral organic hexaamine, rigidified by a methylene bridge, assembles into crystalline inclusion compounds and microporous materials. The inclusion of primary alcohol molecules belonging to the homologous series from ethanol to <i>n</i>-octanol is intrinsic to the triangular molecular shape and columnar stacking of these triangular units. Our studies show that through the choice of differently sized guest molecules (short- or long-chain) we were able to increase the accessible solvent volume from cavities, located inside columnar stacking of triangular units, to one-dimensional undulating channels. While the short-chain molecules occupy voids, the long-chain molecules are included in the channels. By using branched chain solvent during crystallization we were able to isolate dimorphic apohost forms that give rise to two different types of new materials: porous crystals with 1D channels and crystals that possess isolated 0D pockets

Mean pairwise polymorphism and clonal diversity (Simpson’s diversity index) within <i>Fallopia</i> populations from the introduced and native ranges.

<p>Mean pairwise polymorphism and clonal diversity (Simpson’s diversity index) within <i>Fallopia</i> populations from the introduced and native ranges.</p

A Survey of Genetic Variation and Genome Evolution within the Invasive <i>Fallopia</i> Complex - Fig 2

<p><b>FISH for somatic metaphase chromosomes of <i>F</i>. <i>japonica</i> (a), <i>F</i>. × <i>bohemica</i> (b), <i>F</i>. <i>sachalinensis</i> (c) showing 35S rDNA and 5S rDNA-bearing chromosomes.</b> FISH images were created using probes as follows: (<i>i</i>) 5S rDNA labelled with rhodamine (red) and (<i>ii</i>) 26S rDNA labelled with digoxigenin and detected by anti-digoxigenin conjugated with FITC (green); chromosomes were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars represent 5 μm.</p

Ploidy and genome size of <i>Fallopia</i> species originating from Poland.

<p>For population code see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161854#pone.0161854.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Pairwise Nei’s genetic distance between <i>Fallopia</i> populations.

<p>Pairwise Nei’s genetic distance between <i>Fallopia</i> populations.</p

Partitioning of genetic variation using AMOVA analysis.

<p>Partitioning of genetic variation using AMOVA analysis.</p

Number and frequency of polymorphic loci and expected heterozygosity (He) within <i>Fallopia</i> populations from the introduced and native ranges.

<p>Number and frequency of polymorphic loci and expected heterozygosity (He) within <i>Fallopia</i> populations from the introduced and native ranges.</p

Detection of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in patients with ulcerative colitis

Purpose: Ulcerative colitis (UC) as a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), presumed to occur as a consequence of increased immune responses to intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible individuals. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) strains are important intestinal bacteria that can be involved in IBD. The aim of this study was to design a quantitative assay for detection of B. fragilis and ETBF and also to find their association with UC. Methods: Ninety-five biopsies were collected from patients with UC (n = 35) and with no IBD (nIBD, n = 60). All the specimens were cultured in Bacteroides bile esculin agar medium. Specific primers and probes were designed for quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) based on 16S rRNA and bft genes sequences of ETBF. Results: The bft genes were detected in 51.4% of UC samples and 1.6% of nIBD samples, respectively. In UC patients, 37.1% of samples with diarrhea and 11.4% of samples without diarrhea, harbored the bft gene. Mean value of the number of ETBF with bft gene in UC and nIBD samples were 4.46 ן 102 and 1.96, respectively. Likewise these result for 16S rRNA gene in UC and nIBD samples were 2.0 × 103 and 8.4 × 103, respectively. Conclusions: There was no significant association between presence and numbers of 16S rRNA gene of B. fragilis and UC. ETBF was detected more in UC specimens and biopsies of UC patients with diarrhea than in the control group. These data demonstrated that ETBF is associated with development of UC and as a causative agent for the development of diarrhea in these patients. © 2017 The Author(s)