8 research outputs found
Evolutionary and population genetics of Siluroidei
The genetic characterization of catfishes by means of phenotypic markers, karyotyping, protein and DNA polymorphisms contributes to or forms an integral part of the disciplines of systematics, population genetics, quantitative genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology and
aquaculture. Judged from the literature, the general approach to research is pragmatic; the Siluroidei do not include model species for fundamental genetic research. The Clariidae and the Ictaluridae represent the best studied families. The systematic status of a number of species and families has been either elucidated or confirmed by genetic approaches. Duplication of ancestral genes occurred in catfishes just as in other vertebrates. The genetic structure of and gene flow among natural populations have heen documented in relatively few cases, while the evaluation of strains for aquaculture (especially Ictaluridae and Clariidae) is in progress. The mapping of genetic markers has started in Ictalurus. It appears that a more detailed knowledge of catfish populations is required from two perspectives. First, natural populations which are threatened by habitat loss and interfluvial or intercontinental transfers are poorly characterized at the genetic level. Secondly, the selection of suitable strains for aquaculture should be encouraged. Implementation should pose no problems given the present powerful means, such as DNA characterization combined with protein polymorphisms and phenotyping, to solve the above-mentioned issues
Différenciation génétique de quelques populations de Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus et de C. johnelsi (Pisces, Bagridae) de Côte d'Ivoire et du Mali
Le polymorphisme de 19 locus codant pour des enzymes a été étudié dans six populations de #Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus Lacépède 1803 (#Pisces, Bagridae), espèce utilisée en aquaculture africaine, et une population de #Chrysischthys johnelsi Daget 1959. La population de #C. nigrodigitatus du bassin du Niger (Bamako, Mali) est nettement différenciée des populations des bassins du Sassandra, du Bandama, de la Comoé et des lagunes Ebrié et Aby en Côte d'Ivoire (0,233 <D<0,266). Etant donné la grande répartition géographique de #C. nigrodigitatus présente également un polymorphisme et cette espèce, proche de #C. nigrodigitatus$, pourrait être utilisée pour obtenir des hybrides ou des lignées gynogénétiques. (Résumé d'auteur
Morphometric and allozyme variation in the African catfishes <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> and <i>C. anguillaris</i>
This study investigated morphological characters and electrophoretic polymorphism at 25 protein loci in nine wild populations of the African clariid catfish Clarias gariepinus and seven wild populations of C. anguillaris. Two other clariid species, Clarias albopunctatus and Heterobranchus longifilis, were used as outgroups in the allozyme study. Morphometric and allozyme data are congruent for the Nilo-Sudanian populations of C. gariepinus and C. anguillaris. Both approaches also distinguished two groups amongst the C. gariepinus populations, one containing Nilo-Sudanian populations and the other including Lake Victoria and southern African populations. However, allozyme data suggest that C. gariepinus is not a monophyletic group and show that C. albopunctatus is more divergent from C. gariepinus and C. anguillaris than it is from H. longifilis, stressing the need for a revision of clariid systematics. The variation observed in C. gariepinus is discussed in terms of palaeogeographical events and its use in aquaculture
Morphometric and genetic characterization of sympatric populations of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> and <i>C. anguillaris</i> (Siluroidei; Clariidae) from Senegal
A sample of African Clarias catfishes from the Senegal River was studied using morphometry, allozyme variation, microsatellites and RFLPs of mitochondrial DNA. They all confirmed the presence of two species, C. gariepinus and C. anguillaris. The two species were closely related genetically and no diagnostic loci were found in allozymes and microsatellites studies. Two of the 11 haplotypes of mtDNA observed were shared by both species. Three of the four assays (morphometry, allozymes and microsatellites) allowed a precise characterization of both. One specimen occupied an intermediate position in the analysis of the data; it was considered an F1 hybrid whose possible origin is discussed
Partie 2 : Aires protégées et gérées, terrestres et marines
Atelier Biodiversité en Océanie, Nouméa, NCL, 24-/06/2019 - 25/06/2019Face à l’urgence de préserver la biodiversité, les aires protégées répondent à la nécessité d’appliquer un principe de précaution (valeur d’option) sur le vivant et son évolution à l’échelle mondiale. Dans le contexte océanien, pour être efficace en matière de préservation de la biodiversité et être soutenu socialement et politiquement, il est incontournable d’articuler l’agenda mondial de lutte contre l’effondrement de la biodiversité à la préservation des modes de vie locaux et des services que les populations tirent de la biodiversité.Préserver la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques à travers les aires protégées doit consolider la contribution de la nature au bien-être des Océaniens
Protected and managed terrestrial and marine areas
Workshop Biodiversity in Oceania, Nouméa, NCL, 24-/06/2019 - 25/06/2019As we are facing the urgency of safeguarding biodiversity, protected areas address the need to apply a precautionary principle (option value) to living things and their evolution at a global scale. In Oceania, for effective, socially and politically sustainable conservation of biodiversity, it is essential to reconcile the global agenda, designed to prevent the collapse of biodiversity, with the preservation of local lifestyles and the services that people get from biodiversity. Preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services using protected areas must consolidate Nature's contribution to the well-being of Oceanians
Biodiversité en Océanie, un besoin urgent d'action, Nouméa 2019
Face à l'urgence de préserver la biodiversité, les aires protégées répondent à la nécessité d'appliquer un principe de précaution (valeur d'option) sur le vivant et son évolution à l'échelle mondiale. Dans le contexte océanien, pour être efficace en matière de préservation de la biodiversité et être soutenu socialement et politiquement, il est incontournable d'articuler l'agenda mondial de lutte contre l'effondrement de la biodiversité à la préservation des modes de vie locaux et des services que les populations tirent de la biodiversité.Préserver la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques à travers les aires protégées doit consolider la contribution de la nature au bien-être des Océaniens