Estimation of the nutritive value of grape pomace for ruminant using gas production technique

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and estimation of nutritive value of white grape pomace (WGP) using in vitro gas production technique. Fermentation of WGP samples were carried out with rumen fluids obtained from three mature cannulated steers. The samples were collected from a factory in Urmia, Iran. The amount of gas production for WGP at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were measured. The results showed that the crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) contents were 17.27, 59.5, 52.5 and 13.5%, respectively. Gas production at 24 h and potential gas production (a + b) were 30.92 and 79.89 ml, respectively. The organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents were 50.50%, 7.4 MJ kg-1 DM and 0.69 mmol, respectively. The net energy for lactation (NEL) content was 3.31 MJ kg-1 DM. According to the results of this study, it seems that WGP could be used as a valuable food industrial by-product in ruminant nutrition.Key words: Nutritive value, gas production, grape pomace, short chain fatty acid, metabolizable energy

Nutritional evaluation of kabuli and desi type chickpeas (cicer arietinum L.) for ruminants using in vitro gas production technique

The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition and estimation of nutritive value of kabuli and desi type chickpeas using in vitro gas production technique in sheep. The samples were collected from East Azerbaijan, Iran, pea packaging and processing factories. The feed samples (200 mg from each) were incubated with rumen liquor taken from three fistulated rams at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The results showed that neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude fiber (CF) in desi type were significantly higher than that of kabuli (p < 0.01) while crude protein (CP), non fibrouscarbohydrates (NFC) and soluble sugars in kabuli were significantly greater than that of desi (p < 0.05). Total tannins in desi type were higher than kabuli chickpeas (p < 0.05). There were no significantdifferences between dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), starch and total phenolic compounds (TPC) content of the two experimental chickpea types. There were significant differencesin organic matter digestibility (OMD), short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of the two chickpea types (p < 0.05). Gas productions at 24 h for kabuli and desi types were78.66 and 73.96 ml, respectively. Overall, it seems that the nutritive value of kabuli type was higher than that of desi for ruminants

Determining nutrients degradation kinetics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) straw using nylon bag technique in sheep

Straw a by-product from grain legume crops is produced in large quantities in Iran. Straw is constant component of ruminant diets on small holder farms; however, there is little information about its nutritive value. Accordingly experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and ruminal organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) degradability of chickpea straw using nylon bags (in situ) technique. Replicated samples were incubated at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours in three rumen canulated Ghezel rams with 50±3 kg body weight. Dry matter (DM), CP, ether extract (EE), OM, crude fiber (CF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) content of chickpea straws were 92.2, 6.1, 5.5, 92.0, 34.3 and 46.2%, respectively. The soluble fraction (a) of the OM and CP of chickpea straw was 17.5 and 40.8% and potential degradability (a+b) of OM and CP was 56.7 and 72.0%, respectively. Effective degradability at different passage rates (2, 5 and 8% per hours) for OM was 51.0 44.9 and 40.7% and for CP were 68.4, 64.3 and 61.3%, respectively. In conclusion, based on chemical composition and degradation characteristics, chickpea straw could have moderate nutritive value for ruminants

Determining nutrients degradation kinetics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) straw using nylon bag technique in sheep

Straw a by-product from grain legume crops is produced in large quantities in Iran. Straw is constant  component of ruminant diets on small holder farms; however, there is little information about its nutritive  value. Accordingly experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and ruminal organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) degradability of chickpea straw using nylon bags (in situ) technique.  Replicated samples were incubated at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours in three rumen canulated Ghezel rams with 50±3 kg body weight. Dry matter (DM), CP, ether extract (EE), OM, crude fiber (CF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) content of chickpea straws were 92.2, 6.1, 5.5, 92.0, 34.3 and 46.2%, respectively. The  soluble fraction (a) of the OM and CP of chickpea straw was 17.5 and 40.8% and potential degradability (a+b) of OM and CP was 56.7 and 72.0%, respectively. Effective degradability at different passage rates (2, 5 and  8% per hours) for OM was 51.0 44.9 and 40.7% and for CP were 68.4, 64.3 and 61.3%, respectively. In  conclusion, based on chemical composition and degradation characteristics, chickpea straw could have  moderate nutritive value for ruminants.Key words: Chemical composition, Chickpea straw, Degradation, Nylon bag