A crowdsourced analysis to identify ab initio molecular signatures predictive of susceptibility to viral infection

The response to respiratory viruses varies substantially between individuals, and there are currently no known molecular predictors from the early stages of infection. Here we conduct a community-based analysis to determine whether pre- or early post-exposure molecular factors could predict physiologic responses to viral exposure. Using peripheral blood gene expression profiles collected from healthy subjects prior to exposure to one of four respiratory viruses (H1N1, H3N2, Rhinovirus, and RSV), as well as up to 24 h following exposure, we find that it is possible to construct models predictive of symptomatic response using profiles even prior to viral exposure. Analysis of predictive gene features reveal little overlap among models; however, in aggregate, these genes are enriched for common pathways. Heme metabolism, the most significantly enriched pathway, is associated with a higher risk of developing symptoms following viral exposure. This study demonstrates that pre-exposure molecular predictors can be identified and improves our understanding of the mechanisms of response to respiratory viruses

Estimating the local false discovery rate via a bootstrap solution to the reference class problem.

Methods of estimating the local false discovery rate (LFDR) have been applied to different types of datasets such as high-throughput biological data, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and genome-wide association (GWA) studies. We present a model for LFDR estimation that incorporates a covariate into each test. Incorporating the covariates may improve the performance of testing procedures, because it contains additional information based on the biological context of the corresponding test. This method provides different estimates depending on a tuning parameter. We estimate the optimal value of that parameter by choosing the one that minimizes the estimated LFDR resulting from the bias and variance in a bootstrap approach. This estimation method is called an adaptive reference class (ARC) method. In this study, we consider the performance of ARC method under certain assumptions on the prior probability of each hypothesis test as a function of the covariate. We prove that, under these assumptions, the ARC method has a mean squared error asymptotically no greater than that of the other method where the entire set of hypotheses is used and assuming a large covariate effect. In addition, we conduct a simulation study to evaluate the performance of estimator associated with the ARC method for a finite number of hypotheses. Here, we apply the proposed method to coronary artery disease (CAD) data taken from a GWA study and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data

Synthesis of Suitable SiO2 Nano Particles as the Core in Core–Shell Nanostructured Materials

The effect of surfactant on the luminescent intensity of SiO2@Y2O3:Eu3+ particles with a core shellstructure is described. Core–shell particles are used in phosphor materials and employing sphericalparticles with a narrow size distribution is vital for the enhancement of luminescent properties. Threekinds of different surfactants were used to synthesis SiO2 nano particles via a sol gel process. Theresults demonstrated that comb polycarboxylic acid surfactant had a significant influence on themorphology and particle size distribution. Somehow, particles with 100 nm size and narrow sizedistribution were produced. These particles had relatively uniform packing, unlike particles producedwith other surfactants or without surfactant which had irregular assembly. The photoluminescenceintensity of SiO2@Y2O3:Eu3+ particles that was synthesized by comb polycarboxylic acid surfactantwas higher than those which were produced without surfactan

Novel approach to the synthesis of core–shell particles by sacrificial polymer-shell method

In this work a new approach has been developed for the synthesis of SiO2@Y2O3 particles with core–shellstructure. The method is based on the synthesis of a covalently bonded sacrificial polymer shell grown ontosilica particles. It is suitable to promote and stabilize the adsorption of different ions, namely Yttrium from itsnitrate solution. After calcination and consequent elimination of the sacrificial polymer shell, the SiO2@Y2O3core–shell particles are obtained. Results reveal that the shell thickness of these core–shell particles is higherand more uniform than that of particles prepared without sacrificial polymer shell

Novel approach to the synthesis of core–shell particles by sacrificial polymer-shell method

In this work a new approach has been developed for the synthesis of SiO2@Y2O3 particles with core–shell structure. The method is based on the synthesis of a covalently bonded sacrificial polymer shell grown onto silica particles. It is suitable to promote and stabilize the adsorption of different ions, namely Yttrium from its nitrate solution. After calcination and consequent elimination of the sacrificial polymer shell, the SiO2@Y2O3 core–shell particles are obtained. Results reveal that the shell thickness of these core–shell particles is higher and more uniform than that of particles prepared without sacrificial polymer shell

Synthesis of Suitable SiO2 Nano Particles as the Core in Core–Shell Nanostructured Materials

The effect of surfactant on the luminescent intensity of SiO2@Y2O3:Eu3+ particles with a core shell structure is described. Core–shell particles are used in phosphor materials and employing spherical particles with a narrow size distribution is vital for the enhancement of luminescent properties. Three kinds of different surfactants were used to synthesis SiO2 nano particles via a sol gel process. The results demonstrated that comb polycarboxylic acid surfactant had a significant influence on the morphology and particle size distribution. Somehow, particles with 100 nm size and narrow size distribution were produced. These particles had relatively uniform packing, unlike particles produced with other surfactants or without surfactant which had irregular assembly. The photoluminescence intensity of SiO2@Y2O3:Eu3+ particles that was synthesized by comb polycarboxylic acid surfactant was higher than those which were produced without surfactan