Visible Light Optical Camera Communication for Electroencephalography Applications

Due to the cable-free deployment and flexibility of wireless communications, the data transmission in the applications of home and healthcare has shown a trend of moving wired communications to wireless communications. One typical example is electroencephalography (EEG). Evolution in the radio frequency (RF) technology has made it is possible to transmit the EEG data without data cable bundles. However, presently, the RF-based wireless technology used in EEG suffers from electromagnetic interference and might also have adverse effects on the health of patient and other medical equipment used in hospitals or homes. This puts some limits in RF-based EEG solutions, which is particularly true in RF restricted zones like Intensive Care Units (ICUs). As a recently developed optical wireless communication (OWC) technology, visible light communication (VLC) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for both simultaneous illumination and data communication has shown its advantages of free from electromagnetic interference, potential huge unlicensed bandwidth and enhanced data privacy due to the line transmission of light. The most recent development of VLC is the optical camera communication (OCC), which is an extension of VLC IEEE standard 802.15.7, also referred to as visible light optical camera communication (VL-OCC). Different from the conventional VLC where traditional photodiodes are used to detect and receive the data, VL-OCC uses the imaging camera as the photodetector to receive the data in the form of visible light signals. The data rate requirement of EEG is dependent on the application; hence this thesis investigates a low cost, organic LED (OLED)-driven VL-OCC wireless data transmission system for EEG applications

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Biologicals and Biosimilars among Clinicians in Radiotherapy Department

Background: The decoding of human genome helped to design pharmacological agents like Biologicals and Biosimilars which can target the affected etiological aberrations. Biological agents are large complex molecules produced by recombinant techniques in a living system for therapeutic or diagnostic uses and have revolutionized treatment of many diseases. Patent expiry of Biologicals has led to the development of Biosimilars which are similar in efficacy & safety and have no clinically meaningful differences, but are not identical to Biologicals and undergo fewer clinical trials than their reference biologicals. Clinicians’ in- depth knowledge of these agents is important to optimize the use of cost-effective & easily accessible options. Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study conducted between Feb-March 2020 in Radiotherapy/Chemotherapy Oncology Department of Dr B.R.A.M. Hospital & Pt. J. N. M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, using a self-administered, structured questionnaire consisting of 15-question among 30 clinicians prescribing Biologicals and Biosimilars. Results: 83.3% of clinicians were familiar with the term ‘Biologicals’ & ‘Biosimilars’. 60% believed that Biosimilars are same as Generic Medicines and have the same potency as Biologicals. 53% assumed that Biologicals & Biosimilars can be switched. 50% were able to explain the difference or similarity between Biologicals and Biosimilars. Conclusion: The findings reveal that the clinicians had good knowledge about Biologicals and Biosimilars but lacked application of this knowledge in clinical practice. This highlights a need for regular educational initiative to reduce the knowledge deficit & its application in clinical practice. Further, there must be a National Treatment Guidelines on use of Biologicals  and Biosimilars

Human Paraoxonase 1 as a Pharmacologic Agent: Limitations and Perspectives

Human PON1 (h-PON1) is a multifaceted enzyme and can hydrolyze (and inactivate) a wide range of substrates. The enzyme shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiatherogenic, ant-diabetic, antimicrobial, and organophosphate (OP)-detoxifying properties. However, there are certain limitations regarding large-scale production and use of h-PON1 as a therapeutic candidate. These include difficulties in producing recombinant h-PON1 (rh-PON1) using microbial expression system, low hydrolytic activity of wild-type h-PON1 towards certain substrates, and low storage stability of the purified enzyme. This review summarizes the work done in our laboratory to address these limitations. Our results show that (a) optimized polynucleotide sequence encoding rh-PON1 can express the protein in an active form in E. coli and can be used to generate variant of the enzyme having enhanced hydrolytic activity, (b) in vitro refolding of rh-PON1 enzyme can dramatically increase the yield of an active enzyme, (c) common excipients can be used to stabilize purified rh-PON1 enzyme when stored under different storage conditions, and (d) variants of rh-PON1 enzyme impart significant protection against OP-poisoning in human blood (ex vivo) and mouse (in vivo) model of OP-poisoning. The rh-PON1 variants and their process of production discussed here will help to develop h-PON1 as a therapeutic candidate

Human Comfort Model of Noise and Vibration for Sustainable Design of the Turboprop Aircraft Cabin

In recent years, the aircraft industry has made significant advancements in technology in the context of fuel consumption, maintenance, and performance. The most promising developments in terms of fuel efficiency and minimization of emissions are through future generations of turboprop aircraft (i.e., those generating thrust from a propeller). One important drawback with turboprop aircraft is that they tend to have noisier cabins, and there is an increased level of discomfort from vibration due to the tonality that is present. Human comfort perception is a key factor for aircraft manufacturers in the design of airframes and aircraft interiors. Noise and vibration are major sources of discomfort in aircraft cabins; hence, aircraft manufacturers are seeking to estimate passenger discomfort based on noise and vibration measurements in order to optimize the aircraft design. The aim of this research study is focused on building a comfort model for aircraft to enable designers and engineers to optimize the passengers’ traveling experience. In this paper, an experimental laboratory study is presented, determining the relative importance of noise and vibration for the turboprop aircraft cabin. The results show that with the increase in noise levels and vibration magnitudes, the overall human discomfort also increased. A linear comfort model is presented, allowing for the prediction of overall discomfort from measurements of turboprop noise and vibration for the optimization of aircraft cabins

Towards 6G wireless communication for sustainable smart cities: Applications, potential and future research directions

Recently, development of current city systems keeping in view the increase in urbanization, needs to be carried out keeping in view the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030 such as green communication, renewable energy, sustainable cities and communities, climate change, reduced environmental emissions, energy harvesting etc. Hence, Sustainable Smart Cities have come out as a major initiative to provide better living experiences to their residents. This special issue explores the different domains of SMART CITY through the deployment of different emerging technologies such as the 5G/6G and Beyond, Internet of Things (IoT), digitalization, cloud Computing, autonomoussystems, big data analytics, augmented reality, virtual reality, digital twinning, data security, simulation, 3D printing etc. for a sustainable future. Smart services based on the Internet of Everything (IoE) are gaining considerable popularity due to the ever-increasing demands of wireless networks. Despite, 5G networks has immense potential to support numerous IoE based services, it is not adequate to meet the complete requirements of the new smart applications for sustainablesmart cities. Therefore, there is an increased demand for envisioning the 6G wireless communicationsystems to overcome the major limitations in the existing 5G networks for Sustainable Smart Cities. Therefore, this talk by Dr Geetika Aggarwal, will explore the different domains, applications, potential and future research directions of 6G in context to sustainable smart cities

Towards 6G wireless communication for sustainable smart cities: Applications, potential and future research directions

Recently, development of current city systems keeping in view the increase in urbanization, needs to be carried out keeping in view the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030 such as green communication, renewable energy, sustainable cities and communities, climate change, reduced environmental emissions, energy harvesting etc. Hence, Sustainable Smart Cities have come out as a major initiative to provide better living experiences to their residents. This special issue explores the different domains of SMART CITY through the deployment of different emerging technologies such as the 5G/6G and Beyond, Internet of Things (IoT), digitalization, cloud Computing, autonomoussystems, big data analytics, augmented reality, virtual reality, digital twinning, data security, simulation, 3D printing etc. for a sustainable future. Smart services based on the Internet of Everything (IoE) are gaining considerable popularity due to the ever-increasing demands of wireless networks. Despite, 5G networks has immense potential to support numerous IoE based services, it is not adequate to meet the complete requirements of the new smart applications for sustainablesmart cities. Therefore, there is an increased demand for envisioning the 6G wireless communicationsystems to overcome the major limitations in the existing 5G networks for Sustainable Smart Cities. Therefore, this talk by Dr Geetika Aggarwal, will explore the different domains, applications, potential and future research directions of 6G in context to sustainable smart cities

Sustainable Manufacturing: Digital Twinning for a Mechanical Assembly Production Line

There has been a rise in interest in the concept ofthe digital twin (DT) in both academia and industry in smartcities. The DT's implementation architecture generally consistsof physical, virtual, and information-processing layers for asystem. There are several theoretical frameworks presented anddocumented for DT implementation in the context of themanufacturing industry, but there is a lack of actualimplementation studies published in the literature. The primaryobjective of this article is to show that a production unit thatspecialises in making manually assembled mechanical productscan successfully adopt DT in practise. Tecnomatix PlantSimulation (P-sim) software was used to develop a simulationDT model. The DT then used for bottleneck identification toimprove the efficiency of the production line. The DT proved tobe a promising and evolving real-time optimisation tool forsustainable manufacturing

Sustainable Manufacturing: Digital Twinning for a Mechanical Assembly Production Line

There has been a rise in interest in the concept ofthe digital twin (DT) in both academia and industry in smartcities. The DT's implementation architecture generally consistsof physical, virtual, and information-processing layers for asystem. There are several theoretical frameworks presented anddocumented for DT implementation in the context of themanufacturing industry, but there is a lack of actualimplementation studies published in the literature. The primaryobjective of this article is to show that a production unit thatspecialises in making manually assembled mechanical productscan successfully adopt DT in practise. Tecnomatix PlantSimulation (P-sim) software was used to develop a simulationDT model. The DT then used for bottleneck identification toimprove the efficiency of the production line. The DT proved tobe a promising and evolving real-time optimisation tool forsustainable manufacturing