Thidiazuron: A potent cytokinin for efficient plant regeneration in Himalayan poplar (Populus ciliata Wall.) using leaf explants

<em>Populus</em><span> species are important resource for certain branches of industry and have special roles for scientific study on biological and agricultural systems. The present investigation was undertaken with an objective of enhancing the frequency of plant regeneration in Himalayan poplar (</span><em>Populus ciliata</em><span>Wall.). The effect of Thiadizuron (TDZ) alone and in combination with adenine and alpha-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were studied on the regeneration potential of leaf explants. A high efficiency of shoot regeneration was observed in leaf (80.00%) explants on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.024 mg/l TDZ and 79.7 mg/l adenine. Elongation and multiplication of shoots were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium, containing 0.5 mg/l 6. Benzyl aminopurine (BAP) + 0.2mg/l Indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) + 0.3 mg/l Gibberellic acid (GA3). High frequency root regeneration from in vitro developed shoots was observed on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.10 mg/l Indole 3-butyric acid (IBA). Maximum of the in vitro rooted plantlets were well accomplished to the mixture of sand: soil (1:1) and exhibited similar morphology with the field plants. A high efficiency plant regeneration protocol has been developed from leaf explants in Himalayan poplar (</span><em>Populus ciliata</em><span> Wall.). </span

Role of Micro RNA in Heart Transplant

The need for noninvasive biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes is increasingly being recognized in the field of heart transplantation. MicroRNAs are a class of novel biomarkers that control gene expression and influence cellular functions, including differentiation, proliferation, and functional regulation of the immune system. They can be detected in the serum, plasma, and urine and may serve as early noninvasive biomarkers for various disease processes. Despite significant advances in heart transplantation, challenges remain in the short and long term with early graft injury and dysfunction, both cellular and antibody-mediated rejection, infections of varying types and severity, and cardiac allograft vasculopathy, which require an interventional approach for diagnosis and management. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the role of microRNAs in heart transplantation and its related complications and discuss their potential impact in future strategies to manage heart transplantation

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Incidence, Risk Factors, Diagnostic Criteria, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Options

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare and a severe form of heart failure that affects women during pregnancy or shortly after delivery. Risk factors include advanced age, race, multiparity, multifetal pregnancy, socioeconomic disparity, and medical comorbidities including systemic hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and anemia. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as a detrimental long-term impact on quality of life. Its etiology is not clear, although it is thought to be a combined effect of a hyperdynamic fluid state associated with pregnancy, hormonal changes unique to gestation, and a genetic predisposition. There is no current expert consensus on an optimal treatment regimen. This article will provide a comprehensive review and update on this important disease state

Simple Technique of Distal Leg Perfusion During Heart Transplant in Patients With Preoperative Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support

Direct heart transplant from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support is challenging. Continuation of postoperative VA-ECMO support may be required in the setting of primary graft dysfunction or severe vasoplegia. We describe a simple technique to perfuse the ipsilateral leg of an arterial ECMO cannula during heart transplant while the ECMO circuit is turned off but maintaining the arterial cannula and distal perfusion catheter in place. This technique minimizes the number of intraoperative procedures with a minimal risk of leg ischemia, and provides a smooth transition to postoperative VA-ECMO support if necessary