Interactions of the potent synthetic AT1 antagonist analog BV6 with membrane bilayers and mesoporous silicate matrices

The present work describes the drug:membrane interactions and a drug delivery system of the novel potent AT1 blocker BV6. This designed analog has most of the pharmacological segments of losartan and an additional biphenyltetrazole moiety resulting in increased lipophilicity. We found that BV6:membrane interactions lead to compact bilayers that may in part explain its higher in vitro activity compared to losartan since such environment may facilitate its approach to AT1 receptor. Its high docking score to AT1 receptor stems from more hydrophobic interactions compared to losartan. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have shown that BV6 has a crystalline form that is not decomposed completely up to 600 °C. These properties are desirable for a drug molecule. BV6 can also be incorporated into a mesoporous silicate drug-delivery matrix SBA-15. The properties of the obtained drug-delivery system have been inspected by XRD, 13C CP/MAS, TGA and nitrogen sorption experiments

Rational design, efficient syntheses and biological evaluation of N,N′-symmetrically bis-substituted butylimidazole analogs as a new class of potent Angiotensin II receptor blockers

A series of symmetrically bis-substituted imidazole analogs bearing at the N-1 and N-3 two biphenyl moieties ortho substituted either with tetrazole or carboxylate functional groups was designed based on docking studies and utilizing for the first time an extra hydrophobic binding cleft of AT1 receptor. The synthesized analogs were evaluated for their in vitro antagonistic activities (pA2 values) and binding affinities (–logIC50 values) to the Angiotensin II AT1 receptor. Among them, the potassium (–logIC50 = 9.04) and the sodium (–logIC50 = 8.54) salts of 4-butyl-N,N′-bis{[2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}imidazolium bromide (12a and 12b, respectively) as well as its free acid 11 (–logIC50 = 9.46) and the 4-butyl-2-hydroxymethyl-N,N′-bis{[2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}imidazolium bromide (14) (–logIC50 = 8.37, pA2 = 8.58) showed high binding affinity to the AT1 receptor and high antagonistic activity (potency). The potency was similar or even superior to that of Losartan (–logIC50 = 8.25, pA2 = 8.25). On the contrary, 2-butyl-N,N′-bis{[2′-[2H-tetrazol-5-yl)]biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}imidazolium bromide (27) (–logIC50 = 5.77) and 2-butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-N,N′-bis{[2′-[2H-tetrazol-5-yl)]biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}imidazolium bromide (30) (–logIC50 = 6.38) displayed very low binding affinity indicating that the orientation of the n-butyl group is of primary importance. Docking studies of the representative highly active 12b clearly showed that this molecule has an extra hydrophobic binding feature compared to prototype drug Losartan and it fits to the extra hydrophobic cavity. These results may contribute to the discovery and development of a new class of biologically active molecules through bis-alkylation of the imidazole ring by a convenient and cost effective synthetic strategy

A concise synthesis of 3-fluoro-5-thio-xylo- and glucopyranoses, useful precursors towards their corresponding pyranonucleoside derivatives

The chemical synthesis of 1,2,4-tri-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-5-thio-D-xylopyranose, 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3 -fluoro-5-thio-alpha(-D-glucopyranose and their corresponding nucleosides of thymine is described. Treatment of 3-fluoro-5-S-acetyl-5-thio-D-xylofuranose, obtained by hydrolysis of the isopropylidene group of 3-fluoro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-S-acetyl-5-thio-D-xylofuranose, with methanolic ammonia and direct acetylation, led to triacetylated 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-5-thio-D-xylopyranose. Condensation of acetylated 3-fluoro-5-thio-D-xylopyranose with silylated thymine afforded the corresponding nucleoside. Selective benzoylation and direct methanesulfonylation of 3-fluoro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose gave the 6-O-benzoyl-5-O-methylsulfonyl derivative, which on treatment with sodium methoxide afforded the 5,6-anhydro derivative. Treatment of the latter with thiourea, followed by acetolysis, gave the 3-fluoro-5-S-acetyl-6-O-acetyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-thio-alpha-D-glucofuranose. 3-Fluoro-5-S-acetyl-6-O-acetyl-5-thio-D-glucofuranose, obtained after hydrolysis of 5-thiofuranose isopropylidene, was treated with ammonia in methanol and directly acetylated, giving tetraacetylated 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-5-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranose. Condensation of the latter with silylated thymine afforded the desired 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-5-thio-beta-D-glucopyranonucleoside analogue. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Fluoro-ketopyranosyl nucleosides: Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-fluoro-2-keto-beta-D-glucopyranosyl derivatives of N-4-benzoyl cytosine

1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-ot-D-glucofuranose on mild oxidation, reduction, fluorination, and deisopropylidenation followed by acetylation gave peracetylated 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glueopyranose. This was coupled with silylated N-4-benzoyl cytosine. The nucleoside was deacetylated and after several subsequent protection and deprotection steps afforded the desired 3-fluoro-2-keto-beta-D-glucopyranosyl derivatives. These novel synthesized compounds were evaluated for antiviral and cytotoxic activities against rotavirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2, and have a promising potential in combating the rotaviral infections and in the treatment of colon cancer. As compared to AZT, a nucleoside analogue of reverse transcriptase inhibitor, the novel synthesized 1-(3,4-dideoxy-3-tluoro-beta-D-glycero-hex-3-enopyranosyl-2-ulose)-N-4-benzoyl cytosine showed to be more effective at lower concentrations in inhibition of rotavirus infection as well as in the same range of antitumor activity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Unsaturated fluoro-ketopyranosyl nucleosides: Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-fluoro-4-keto-beta-D-glucopyranosyl derivatives of N(4)-benzoyl cytosine and N(6)-benzoyl adenine

The protected beta-nucleosides 1-(2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-N(4)-benzoyl cytosine (2a) and 9-(2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl3-deoxy-3-fluoro-O-D-glucopyranosyl)-N6-benzoyl adenine (2b), were synthesized by the coupling of peracetylated 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-gluco-pyranose (1) with silylated N(4)-benzoyl cytosine and N(6)-benzoyl adenine, respectively. The nucleosides were deacetylated and several subsequent protection and deprotection steps afforded the partially acetylated nucleosides of cytosine 7a and adenine 7b, respectively. Finally, direct oxidation of the free hydroxyl group at 4'-position of 7a and 7b, and simultaneous elimination reaction of the beta-acetoxyl group, afforded the desired unsaturated 3-fluoro-4-keto-beta-D-glucopyranosyl derivatives. These newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their potential antitumor and antiviral activities. Compared to 5FU, the newly synthesized derivatives showed to be more efficient as antitumor growth inhibitors and they exhibited direct antiviral effect toward rotavirus. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Exomethylene pyranonucleosides: Efficient synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-(2,3,4-trideoxy-2-methylene-beta-D-glycero-hex-3-enopyranosyl)thymine

A new series of unsaturated pyranonucleosides with an exocyclic methylene group and thymine as heterocyclic base have been designed and synthesized. D-Galactose (1) was readily transformed in three steps into the corresponding 1-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)thymine (2). Selective protection of the primary hydroxyl group of 2 with a t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) group, followed by specific acetalation, and oxidation gave 1-(6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-lyxo-hexopyranosyl-2-ulose)thymine (5). Wittig reaction of the ketonucleoside 5, deprotection and tritylation of the 6'-hydroxyl group gave 1-(2-deoxy-2-methylene-6-O-trityl-beta-D-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)thymine (9). Exomethylene pyranonucleoside 9 was converted to the olefinic derivative 10, which after detritylation afforded the title compound 1-(2,3,4-trideoxy-2-methylene-beta-D-glycero-hex-3-enopyranosyl)thymine (11). These novel synthesized compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity against rotaviral infection and cytotoxicity in colon cancer. As compared to AZT, compounds 1-(2-deoxy-2-methylene-beta-D-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)thymine (7) and 1-(beta-D-lyxo-hexopyranosyl-2-ulose)thymine (8) showed to be more efficient, in rotavirus infections and in treatment of colon cancer. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Synthesis and molecular modelling of unsaturated exomethylene pyranonucleoside analogues with antitumor and antiviral activities

This report describes the total and facile synthesis of the unsaturated keto and exomethylene pyranonucleoside analogues, 1-(2,3,4-trideoxy-4-methylene-6-O-trityl-alpha-D-glycero-hex-2-enopyranosyl)uracil (10), 1-(2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-glycero-hex-2-enopyranosyl-4-ulose)uracil (17) and 1-(2,3,4-trideoxy-4-methylene-alpha-D-glycero-hex-2-enopyranosyl)uracil (18). Commercially available 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranose (1) was condensed with silylated uracil, deacetylated and acetalated to afford 1-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)uracil (4). Two different synthetic routes were investigated for the conversion of 4 into the olefinic derivative 1-(2,3,4-trideoxy-4-methylene-6-O-trityl-alpha-D-glycero-hex-2-enopyranosyl)uracil (10). Although the two procedures are quite similar with respect to yields and final products, the second also leads to the keto-2',3'-unsaturated analogue (17). The new analogues were evaluated for their anticancer and antiviral activities using several tumor cell lines and gastrointestinal rotavirus. All of the compounds showed direct antiviral effect against rotavirus infectivity in Caco-2 cell line. Moreover, 1-(2,3,4-trideoxy-4-methylene-6-O-trityl-alpha-D-glycero-hex-2-enopyranosyl)uracil (10) was found to be potent in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

A facile, one-step conversion of 6-O-trityl and 6-O-TBDMS monosaccharides into the corresponding formate esters

A convenient method has been developed for a facile and high-yield conversion of 6-O-tertbutyldimethylsilyl and 6-O-trityl protected monosaccharides to their formate esters, which may serve as useful intermediates for the replacement of the primary hydroxyl group of sugars by other functional groups