The evolution of the 'comment' genre: Theoretical aspect

The article deals with the problem of transforming the genre of comment due to the peculiarities of the Internet communication. The comparative analysis of the traditional interpretation and the new one is initiated based on the modern demands of the virtual discourse. Not only the journalists and the experts, but the readers as well are considered to be the subjects of communication. The research on two forms of comments show the similarities and differences in communicative intention of addressers and the ways of their realization. The analysis shows the isomorphism of the on-line comments and some genres of the Internet communication, defines the role of the language person in the type of discourse under study, justifies the possibility of reconstructing the national worldview based on numerous on-line comments to the articles (often related to news), which attract the greatest attention and feedback of the readers. © IDOSI Publications, 2014

Analysis of Emergency Situations When Working with Pathogenic Biological Agents within the Framework of Risk-Oriented Approach

The aim – based on the analysis of accidents when working with pathogenic biological agents (PBA) of pathogenicity groups I–II, draw conclusions about the causes of their occurrence and formulate recommendations for improving biological safety measures to reduce the risk of accidents.Materials and methods. The subject of the study was the data on accidents that happened during the work with PBA, stated in protocols of the commission for monitoring compliance with biological safety requirements of the Volgograd Research Anti-Plague Institute over the period of 1986–2020. Assessed were the type of emergency, their number, main causes and prerequisites for occurrence, professional category of a worker who participated in an accident.Results and discussion. During the specified period 3 types of accidents were recorded: accidents with spraying, accidents with skin lesion, accidents without spraying. There were no accidents with damage to the insulating suit and the pneumatic suit during the entire period under investigation. Of the total number of accidents, 42.85 % of cases were associated with skin lesion due to the bite of an experimental animal due to its incorrect fixation during infection, feeding, care, or due to autopsy of animals. Spillage accidents were recorded in 42.85 %; accidents without spraying amounted to 14.2 %. The categories of employees who made the greatest number of accidents have been identified: laboratory assistants – 39.2 % of cases, researcher officers – 14.2 %, disinfectors – 14.2 %. The causes of accidents and the prerequisites contributing to their realization have been pinpointed. The main ways and measures to reduce the risks of emergency situations for personnel when working with pathogens of particularly dangerous infectious diseases are put forward

Melatonin in the dermal film limits the blood lymphocyte death in experimental thermal trauma

According to WHO data, about 11 million people need medical care after burns every year. In the overall structure of burns, the share of thermal trauma (TT) is 80%. Lymphocytopenia in TT is a risk factor for infectious complications and limited repair, and the development of new tools for TT therapy using dermal films is demanded in combustiology. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in blood lymphocyte parameters, i.e., quantitative composition and their death during experimental thermal damage under the influence of the originally developed dermal film with melatonin (MT) in 49 inbred rats. The grade IIIA TT of 3.5% body surface was modeled by contact with boiling water for 12 s. Dermal films based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose supplemented with MT at a concentration of 0.005 g/g were applied daily for 5 days. The total numbers of lymphocytes, CD45RA+ and CD3+ cells, counts of lymphocytes with signs of partial necrosis, early and late apoptosis were assessed in blood. Relative decrease in the area and rate of the burn wound epithelization were also calculated. In animals with TT, the number of blood lymphocytes decreased on days 5, 10 and 20, including CD45RA+ and CD3+, along with increased amounts of lymphocytes with signs of necrosis, late and early apoptosis. By the term of 20 days, the burn wound area was reduced by 11.5%. Usage of dermal films with MT increased the amount of CD3+ cells in blood on days 5 and 10, CD45RA+ on days 5, 10 and 20, being associated with decreased number of lymphocytes showing signs of early apoptosis on days 5, 10 and 20, as well as features of necrosis and late apoptosis on days 5 following TT, accelerates the healing of a burn wound on days 5, 10 and 20 after TT. with a 20 cent reduction of its area by the day 20. Epithelization rate of the burn wound when applying MT-supplemented dermal film on days 5, 10 and 20 increases, along with higher amounts of CD3+ in the blood, and reduced counts of lymphocytes with signs of early apoptosis

Students’ Subjectness, Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being: Comparative Research of Russian and Kazakhstan Students

The relevance of the study is due to the need to resolve the contradictions between the requirements of higher education for the personality of a young person and his real capabilities, manifested in the ability or inability to be the subject of his activity and his development. The need to resolve this contradiction has determined the purpose of this study – to identify the level of expression and structure of the subjective properties of students’ personality, their relationship with self-efficacy and psychological well-being. The work used a set of theoretical and empirical research methods, in particular, questionnaires to identify the level of an individual subjectivity development (M.A. Shchukina), general and social self-efficacy (M. Sherer and J. Maddux, adaptation by A.V. Boyarintseva), psychological well-being (K. Riff, adaptation by T.D. Shevelenkova and P.P. Fesenko). Mathematical processing was carried out using the criterion ϕ* – Fisher’s angular transformation, as well as methods of correlation analysis using the linear Pearson correlation coefficient. The subjects were students of a number of universities of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. A total of 277 students majoring pedagogy and psychology took part in the study, among them 266 (96%) women, 11 (4%) men, average age 19.5 years (SD=1.5). As a result, no fundamental differences were revealed in the structure and manifestations of subjectivity depending on the place of residence, national and cultural traditions, which indicates the existence of some general patterns in the formation of the subjectivity of a future teacher or psychologist. A high level of subjectivity was identified in 57.04% respondents, medium – in 38.98%, low – in 3.98%. It has been established that the level of subjectivity positively correlates with self-efficacy in objective activity, with social self-efficacy and with the psychological well-being of an individual. It was revealed that students with low subjectivity can also have a high level of psychological well-being, while performing a compensatory function. The results obtained can be used in the course of student training, as well as in the work of curators of student groups and in the activities of the psychological service of universities

Development of chromosome-specific markers for a study on introgressive hybridization of potato with the wild Mexican allotetraploid species Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl

In order to involve valuable germplasm of the wild Mexican allotetraploid potato species Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl. (genomic composition ААВВ) into breeding, pentaploid interspecific hybrids (ААAAВ) with cultivated potato S. tuberosum L. (АААА) and their backcross progenies are usually used. Homologous synapsis in meiosis of such hybrids is expected only between chromosomes of the A subgenome, therefore a question arose about a possibility of introgressing genetic material of the subgenome B into the A genome of cultivated potato. In this connection, development of various schemes for the B subgenome introgression into the genome of cultivated potato is considered as a topical issue. The previous research has yielded four schemes of S. stoloniferum involvement into breeding, which imply backcrossing with cultivated potato of the following interspecific hybrids: (1) hexaploids (genomic composition ААААВВ, the conventional introgression scheme), (2) tetraploids (putatively, АААВ), (3) self-pollination progeny of a 4x hybrid and (4) pentaploid hybrids with a putative genome composition of АААВВ. The present paper presents the first results of the development of chromosome-specific DNA markers for the identification of S. stoloniferum chromosomes in interspecific hybrids. An S. stoloniferum accession PI 205522 with a high degree of resistance to late blight and PVY had been found to possess several DNA-markers of the R-genes conferring resistance to these pathogens and was used in hybridization as a promising parent. A set of 23 SSR- and CAPS markers with the known chromosome location in S. tuberosum was generated. These markers detect polymorphism between parent genotypes, i.e., the diploid clone IGC 10/1.21 of cultivated potatoes S. tuberosum, and accession PI 205522 of S. stoloniferum. All the markers specific for the wild species were found in triploid (ААВ) and pentaploid (АААВВ) hybrids of S. stoloniferum × S. tuberosum. This set of markers will be used for efficiency assessment of different schemes for S. stoloniferum genetic material introgression into the obtained BC2-BC3 generations after crossing the interspecific hybrids with cultivated potato

ОЦЕНКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У ЛИЦ ЮНОШЕСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА ПРИ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ НАГРУЗКЕ

The article presents data on the physical development of youthful persons. It was revealed that a proportional physical and the predominance of muscle strength in relation to body weight, a high strength indicator, but a low recovery coefficient, are characteristic of young men. Girls are characterized by asthenia and recovery coefficient after physical activity, corresponding to a state of fatigue. The dependence of indicators of adaptation to physical activity on body types was revealed. The overwhelming majority of boys and girls had unsatisfactory adaptation rates.В статье представлены данные физического развития лиц юношеского возраста. Выявлено, что для юношей характерно пропорциональное телосложение и преобладание мышечной силы по отношению к массе тела, высокий показатель силы, но низкий коэффициент восстановления. Для девушек характерны астенизация и коэффициент восстановления после физической нагрузки, соответствующий состоянию утомления. Выявлена зависимость показателей адаптации к физической нагрузке от типов телосложения. Подавляющее большинство юношей и девушек имели неудовлетворительные показатели адаптации

Laser confocal and spatially-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of porphyrin distribution on plasma deposited polymer films

Laser confocal microscopy and spatially-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy have been used for the study of the interaction of di(p-aminophenyl)etioporphyrin (DAPEP) and tetra(p-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP) molecules with the surface of thin (7-15 μm) polypropylene films treated by 0.5 M KCl solution and activated by air non-equilibrium plasma at the normal atmospheric pressure. Confocal microscopy data (using laser scanning microscope LSM 510, Carl Zeiss) show that after treatment the polymer surface becomes inhomogeneous, and porphyrin moieties are randomly distributed on both film surfaces with a penetration depth of ~1 μm. On the basis of spatially resolved fluorescence measurements (using a home-built confocal microscope with a time resolution up to 100 ms/frame and high spatial resolution) it has been found that fluorescence spectra of individual spots correspond to monomeric species. It means that spatially closed few porphyrin molecules in the spot are not aggregated and do not interact significantly

The use of <i>in vitro</i> androgenesis for the involvement of interspecific hybrids between <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L. and wild allotetraploid potato species <i>Solanum stoloniferum</i> Schltdl. et Bouché into breeding

Wild allotetraploid potato species Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl. &amp; Bouché from Mexico is regarded as a valuable source of resistance genes for use in breeding. However, introgression of its resistance genes into breeding material is hampered by a set of reproductive barriers. The genomic difference between S. stoloniferum (genome ААВВ) and S. tuberosum L. (AAAA) is one of them. This makes questionable the possibility of transferring a variety of valuable genes of the wild species localized on the chromosomes of its genome B into the genome of cultivated potatoes. It is proposed to produce tetraploid (4x, AAAB) interspecific hybrids of S. stoloniferum, which are regarded as more promising for homoeological recombination than pentaploid (5x, ААААВ) hybrids commonly used in the introgression schemes. However, the effective ploidy of tetraploid hybrids (3EBN) hinders their backcrossing to cultivated potatoes (4 EBN). For instance, our attempts to involve the tetraploid hybrid of S. stoloniferum IGC16/36.1 obtained by us into hybridization with potato varieties were unsuccessful for a number of years. To solve this problem, we suggested a technique based on the production of 4x plants obtained in anther culture of this hybrid. The present research was aimed at assessing the efficiency of this approach.Thirty-one plants were obtained in anther culture (androgenic clones, androclones) of the hybrid IGC16/36.1 in 2018. Most of them exceeded the initial hybrid in habitus strength and flowering intensity. As a result of crosses made in 2019, 1039 hybrid seeds were obtained from crossing 21 androclones with the ‘Lemhi Russet’ variety (8.7 seeds/pollination), 1017 seeds (7.5 seeds/pollination) from crosses of 23 androclones with the ‘Quarta’ variety, and 716 seeds (12.3 seeds/pollination) from crosses of 11 androclones and a diploid potato line IGC 17n8 capable of producing fertile unreduced (2n) pollen. The hybrid seeds had good germination rate of 70-90%. Among the androclones that gave progeny in crosses with potato varieties, we identified genotypes carrying DNA markers of late blight (LB) resistance genes Rpi-sto1, R2 and R3b, PVY resistance genes Ryadg, Rysto and Rychc, and potato wart disease resistance gene Sen2 (these markers were found in the initial accession of S. stoloniferum PI 205522 and in the IGC 16/36.1 hybrid). Despite the complex nature of inheritance of the analyzed markers in progenies of backcrosses of androclones, a number of isolated hybrids carried several markers, including those of the Rpi-sto1, a broad-spectrum gene for high resistance to late blight. Hybrids with relatively high tuber productivity, features of cultivated potatoes such as regularly shaped tubers with small eyes, and high field resistance to late blight were selected.The prospects for using androclones of the tetraploid interspecific hybrid IGC 16/36.1 for increasing the frequency of homoeologous A/B recombination of chromosomes are discussed

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СВОЙСТВ ЭЛЕКТРОЭРОЗИОННЫХ ПОРОШКОВ И ТВЕРДОГО СПЛАВА, ПОЛУЧЕННОГО ИЗ НИХ ИЗОСТАТИЧЕСКИМ ПРЕССОВАНИЕМ И СПЕКАНИЕМ

Results of the investigation into the properties of the hard alloy fabricated by isostatic pressing and sintering of powders prepared by EDM dispersion of tungsten-containing waste of the T15K6 alloy in distilled water and burning kerosene. An original installation developed and patented by the authors was used for EDM dispersion of conductive materials. Isostatic pressing of the powder was performed using an EPSI press (Belgium) at a pressure of 300 MPa and sintering was performed in a Nabertherm high-temperature furnace (Germany) in vacuum at 1500 °C for 2 h. The content of main elements (W, Ti, Co) both in powder and in the hard alloy fabricated from it was established using the electron probe microanalysis. Microhardness of powder and alloy is investigated and it is shown that powder prepared by EDM dispersion in kerosene and alloy made of it have increased HV compared with the samples fabricated using water as the working liquid.Представлены результаты исследования свойств твердого сплава, изготовленного изостатическим прессованием и спеканием порошков, полученных электроэрозионным диспергированием (ЭЭД) вольфрамсодержащих отходов сплавов Т15К6 в дистиллированной воде и керосине осветительном. Для ЭЭД токопроводящих материалов использована оригинальная установка, разработанная и запатентованная авторами. Изостатическое прессование порошка осуществлялось на прессе «EPSI» (Бельгия) при давлении 300 МПа, а спекание – в высокотемпературной печи «Nabertherm» (Германия) в вакууме при температуре 1500 °С в течение 2 ч. Рентгеноспектральным микроанализом установлено содержание основных элементов (W, Ti и Со) как в порошке, так и в полученном из него твердом сплаве. Исследована их микротвердость и показано, что порошок, полученный ЭЭД в керосине, и сплав из него имеют повышенную величину HV по сравнению с образцами, изготовленными с использованием в качестве рабочей жидкости воды

Features of the frequency of occurrence of T-330G <i>IL2</i> gene polymorphism in patients with COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 infection is the etiopathogenetic factor of the new coronavirus infection. Susceptibility to the virus and, accordingly, the incidence differs in children and adults. On the one hand, this reflects the age-related features of the immune response. On the other hand, it is realized through the production of a number of cytokines, including IL-2, and reflects the genetically determined features of cytokine production. The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of occurrence of T-330G polymorphic variants of the IL2 gene in patients with a new coronavirus infection. A total of 145 patients were examined, including 31.0% of children (n = 45) and 69.0% of adults (n = 100). The diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection was verified by RT-PCR confirming the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and identifying clinical symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. The control group consisted of 50 healthy volunteer donors. Allele-specific PCR with electrophoretic detection in 3% agarose gel (Litech, Russia) was used to analyze the T-330G polymorphism of the IL2 gene. To compare the frequencies of allele combinations, the χ2 test and the odds ratio OR and (95% CI) were used.The dominant genotype in patients with COVID-19 was the heterozygous GT genotype of the T-330G polymorphism of the IL2 gene. In the group of children at risk of developing a new coronavirus infection, the GG genotype of the T-330G polymorphism of the IL2 gene was associated (31.1% in children and 18.0% in the control group, p &lt; 0.05, OR = 2.047). While the homozygous TT genotype of the T-330G polymorphism of the IL2 gene was a protective genotype (its occurrence rate was 26.7% in patients, 54.0% in the control group, p &lt; 0.05, OR = 0.315). In adults, the heterozygous GT genotype of the T-330G polymorphism of the IL2 gene was associated with the risk of developing a new coronavirus infection (in the group of patients – 44.0% versus control – 28.0%, p = 0.028, OR = 2.020). A low risk of developing the disease was associated with the homozygous TT variant of the T-330G polymorphism of the IL2 gene (in the group of patients 37.0% versus control – 54.0%, p = 0.024, OR = 0.500).The T-330G polymorphism of the promoter zone of the IL2 gene differently affects its production. The direction of the immune response and its effectiveness depend on the level of IL-2. Understanding the individual factors that determine the features of the immune response can help in understanding the mechanisms of development of COVID-19-associated diseases and the selection of approaches to personalized methods of their treatment