The Impact of Temperature, Sunlight and Time on the Quality of Drinking Water Stored in Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle in Yola Metropolis, Nigeria

The present study examined how sunlight radiation, temperature and time in Yola climate can affect the physicochemical properties of drinking water in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle in Yola Metropolis Nigeria. Conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, Cl-, and NO3 - were analyzed using standard methods for 42 days. Solvent extraction and GC-MS analysis were conducted periodically to monitor the appearance and identity of any migrant organic compounds. Sunlight exposure had the highest impact wherein conductivity, TDS, and COD trended upwards while pH decreased over time. However, Cl- and NO3- stayed constant. The GC-MS results showed the highest concentration of organic compounds in the sunlight exposed samples showing the molecular ion peak of benzene. Conversely, the negative control samples, stored in a cool dry place, showed no signs of leachates

Experimental study on the analysis of nanocellulose treated water in Yola metropolis, Nigeria

In this study, cellulose from sugarcane bagasse and wood pulp were converted to nanocellulose and utilized to treat water from different sources within Yola Metropolis to study the efficacy of both methods. From the analysed water parameters, both nanocellulose materials were effective in treating contaminated water. They showed the capability of reducing the concentrations of the various tested parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Nitrate, Chloride, and Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). Interestingly, analysis of the heavy metal concentrations before and after water treatment with the nanocellulose, showed very significant reduction of the heavy metals. This is encouraging as we explore more efficient methods of water treatment, in order to tackle rising cases of lead and other heavy metal poisoning in Nigeria due to illegal mining activities and deregulated industrial activities. Dans cette recherche, la cellulose de la bagasse de canne à sucre et de la pulpe de bois a été converties en nanocellulose et utilisées pour l’épuration d’eau de différentes sources au sein de Yola Metropolis afin d’étudier l’efficacité des deux méthodes. D’après les paramètres d’eau analysés avec les deux types de nanocelluloses étaient efficaces dans le traitement de l’eau contaminée. Ils ont considérablement réduit les concentrations des différents contaminants testés tels que le TDS, le nitrate, le chlorure et le NTU. En effet, l’analyse de la concentration en métaux lourds avant et après le traitement de l’eau avec la nanocellulose a montré une réduction très significative des métaux lourds. C’est une bonne chose car nous explorons des méthodes plus efficaces de traitement de l’eau, pour lutter contre l’augmentation des cas d’empoisonnement au plomb et à d’autres métaux lourds au Nigeria en raison d’activités minières illégales et d’activités industrielles non réglementées

Effectiveness of Sorghum Husk and Chicken Manure in Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil

This study identifies total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and traces of heavy metals such as zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel, and copper in crude oil-contaminated soil. It also focuses on the use of poultry manure and sorghum husk in the bioremediation of the contaminated soil. Crude oil-contaminated soil sample was divided into five parts (A: untreated, B: poultry manure, C and D: poultry manure and sorghum husk in ratios 1:1 and 3:1, respectively, and E: sorghum husk). The heavy metals concentrations and TPH content were assessed initially in the untreated soil sample and later on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, and 30th days after adding the stimulants. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), pH and conductivity meters were used for TPH, heavy metals, pH and electrical conductivity analyses, respectively. The results showed soil sample C to have highest TPH reduction, while the soil sample E exhibited 96.1% reduction in nickel, 97.5% reduction in zinc, 100% reduction in lead, and 99.3% reduction in copper. The pH of the soil ranged from 7.13 to 7.92 (within the range 6.5–8 suitable for microbial growth). The electrical conductivity for soil samples B–E increased and also in the acceptable range of 130–2320 μS/cm

Recent Techniques for the Removal of Naphthenic Acid from Heavy Crude Oils

Naphthenic acid (NA) is one of the components of heavy crude oil. It is composed of a carboxylic acid functional group attached to a hydrocarbon molecule. Heavy crude oils with high concentration of NA are usually classified as poor quality oil and are sold at cheaper price. The presence of high concentration of naphthenic acid in crude oil often result in limited life span of equipment used in exploration and refining processes due to corrosion. In order to improve the quality of such crude oil and to save cost, it becomes very important to remove NA compounds from it. Researchers, as well as the oil and gas industries, have been working on how to overcome this challenge, and several techniques have been developed for the removal of naphthenic acid from the crude oil. This study thus envisages to present the various recent techniques available for the removal of NA from heavy crude oil. It has been seen that of all the recent physical and chemical methods that are available, catalytic-based methods are effective and their effectiveness depend on the temperature at which the catalyst is calcined as well as the surface area of the catalyst

Voltammetric and impedance studies of phenols and Its derivatives at carbon nanotubes/Prussian bluefilms platinum modified electrode

The electrochemical oxidation of phenol (Ph), 4-chlorophenol (4-ClPh) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NPh) at a platinum electrode modified with and without multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Prussian blue nanocomposite in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer electrolyte was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance measurements. The modified electrodes were characterised using techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron X-ray dispersive spectroscopy (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CVs) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)..

Tuning the physico-electrochemical properties of novel cobalt (II) octa [(3, 5-biscarboxylate)-phenoxy] phthalocyanine complex using phenylamine-functionalised SWCNTs

The integration of phenylamine-functionalised SWCNTs (SWCNT-phenylamine) with a novel cobalt (II) octa[(3,5-biscarboxylate)-phenoxy] phthalocyanine (CoOBPPc) complex has been described. The physical and electrochemical properties of the CoOBPPc-SWCNT-phenylamine hybrid were evaluated using spectroscopy (IR and UV–vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy and electrochemistry (cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). Integration of SWCNT-phenylamine resulted in the physical transformation of the CoOBCPPc from the usually bluish colour of cobalt phthalocyanine complexes to a beautiful bright green colour. In addition, the heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic properties of the CoOBCPPc were greatly enhanced following the attachment of the SWCNT-phenylamine. The potential electrocatalytic application of the hybrid was tested using β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as a model biological analyte. Interestingly, the onset oxidation potential of this analyte was significantly reduced (300 mV) by this hybrid compared to the bare electrode

Electrocatalytic properties of prussian blue nanoparticles supported on poly(m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid)–functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes toward the detection of dopamine

Edged plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPGE) was modified with and without Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles and polyaminobenzene sulphonated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTPABS) using the chemical deposition method. The electrodes were characterised using microscopy, spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Results showed that edged plane pyrolytic graphite-single-walled carbon nanotubes-prussian blue (EPPGE-SWCNT-PB) electrode gave the best dopamine (DA) current response which increases with increasing PB layers

Supercapacitive properties of symmetry and the asymmetry two electrode coin type supercapacitor cells made from MWCNTS/nickel oxide nanocomposite

Please read abstract in article.http://www.electrochemsci.orgnf201

Electrocatalytic properties of prussian blue nanoparticles supported on poly(m-aminobenzenesulphonic acid)-functionalised single-walled carbon nanotubes towards the detection of dopamine

Edged plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPGE) was modified with and without Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles and polyaminobenzene sulphonated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTPABS) using the chemical deposition method. The electrodes were characterised using microscopy, spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Results showed that edged plane pyrolytic graphite-single-walled carbon nanotubes-prussian blue (EPPGE-SWCNT-PB) electrode gave the best dopamine (DA) current response, which increases with increasing PB layers. The catalytic rate constant of 1.69 × 105 mol−1 cm3 s−1, Tafel value of 112 mV dec−1, and limit of detection of DA (2.8 nM) were obtained. Dopamine could be simultaneously detected with ascorbic acid. The electrode was found to be electrochemically stable, reusable and can be used for the analysis of DA in real drug samples.The University of Pretoria and the National Research Foundation (NRF, GUN # 2073666).http://www.elsevier.com/locate/colsurfbnf201

Comparative supercapacitive properties of asymmetry two electrode coin type supercapacitor cells made from MWCNTS/cobalt oxide and MWCNTs/iron oxide nanocomposite

Supercapacitive properties of synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles (MO) vis a vis iron oxides (Fe2O3) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles integrated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a two-electrode coin cell type asymmetry supercapacitor assembly was investigated. The synthesised MO and nanocomposite films were characterised using techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scan electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The supercapacitance of the asymmetry MWCNT-MO based supercapacitor in 1 M H2SO4 and 1 M Na2SO4 electrolytes was measured using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic constant current charge-discharge (CD) techniques. The asymmetry supercapacitors MWCNT-Fe2O3|MWCNT and MWCNT-Co3O4|MWCNT gave the highest specific capacitance (SC) values of 439.94 mFcm-2 (or 64.74 Fg-1) and 425.83 mFcm-2 (or 45.79 Fg−1) respectively in 1 M H2SO4 using charge-discharge technique. Results obtained from charge-discharge experiment are much higher compared with those obtained using the CV technique since it is the most reliable and accurate method. The values compared favorably and higher compared to those reported in literature using similar technique. MWCNT-Fe2O3|MWCNT cell gave specific power (SP) and specific energy (SE) of 19.31 Wkg-1 and 2.68 WhKg-1 respectively in 1 M H2SO4, while the energy deliverable efficiency (/%) of the cell is 99.6 and 91.3% in 1 M H2SO4 and 1 M Na2SO4 respectively.http://www.electrochemsci.orgam201