The Impact of Tapayan Communal Irrigation System

This article is a product of a nine-month training and application program implemented by the micro component of the Economic and Social Impact Analysis/Women in Development (ESIA/WID) and the Food Systems Program of the East-West Center Resource Systems Institute (RSI). It discusses the irrigation system adopted by the Central Mindanao area. Using guided interview, this article provides a better understanding of the socioeconomic status of the farmers as beneficiaries of the program.infrastructure, irrigation system, impact analysis

Effects of atrazine on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Mechanization of agriculture to promote and improve the yields from agricultural practices has necessitated the use of pesticides and other agrochemicals. The effects of using these pesticides on the environment are rarely considered by farmers. This study investigated the effects and sub-lethal effect of atrazine on tilapia, an ubiquitous culturable fish species. The 96 hr LC50 was determined using static renewal bioassay method while the effect on haematological parameters was determined after exposure for 3 weeks to sub-lethal doses of atrasine. The LC50 was found to be 6.977mg/l. Sub-lethal exposure resulted in anaemia and increased the white blood cell counts

FOOD AND FEEDING HABITS OF SOME FISH SPECIES IN OGUN STATE COASTAL ESTUARY, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

The food and feeding habits of eight (8) fish species Elops lacerta, Chrysichthys auratus, Schilbe mys-tus, Sardinella maderensis, Synodontis schall, Hepsetus odoe, Tilapia zillii and Mugil cephalus in Ogun estuary, Ogun State, Nigeria were studied and estimated for six months, between February and July, 2014. A total of 470 fishes were randomly collected from the commercial fishermen during the study. Results from the stomach contents analysed using frequency of occurrence and numerical methods showed that S. mystus, E. lacerta, S. maderensis, H. odoe, S. schall, T. zillii, M. cephalus and C. auratus were predators, piscivores, herbivores, piscivores, omnivores, herbivores, herbivores and omnivores respectively while H. odoe and S.mystus partly fed on E. lacerta and T. zillii respec-tively. The Diet Breadth (D) ranged from 0.76 to 0.88 and the percentage Gut Repletion Index (GRI), a reflection of frequency of feeding, ranged between 60-100%

Fish trading: a tool for socioeconomic enhancement and poverty alleviation

A study was conducted in Abeokuta, the Ogun State capital with the objective to investigate if fish trading could be a tool of poverty alleviation and socio-economic enhancement of the status of women in the household. A total of 120 correctly completed, structured and pre-tested questionnaires, out of the 150 administered to respondents, were retrieved for data analyses. Demographic data of the traders showed that all the respondents were women whose ages ranged from 15 to above 45 years. The ages of 33-45 years constituted 33.3% of the respondents while the age bracket of between 27-32 years constituted 23.3%. Majority (73.3%) were married while 25% were single-headed households (divorced or widowed). The study revealed that most of the respondents (approximately 61%) were able to meet their family expenditure jointly with their spouses while 28.3% of the respondents met the financial responsibilities of their families solely from the profit. Access to credit was found to be a major limitation. The study further revealed that 86.7% of the respondents would like to continue with the business because they were satisfied with the profit accruable to them from the trade

Throughput Efficient AODV for Improving QoS Routing in Energy Aware Mobile Adhoc Network

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a type of wireless network that is made up of mobile nodes which coordinate themselves without the help of a central coordinator. The network topology changes as nodes are mobile. One of the major challenges of MANET is limited bandwidth which tends to mitigate the Quality of Service (QoS) of the network as users are not satisfied.  A variety of routing protocols has been employed aiming at improving the throughput of the network in order to meet user demands. This paper proposes the development of a throughput efficient Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (TE-AODV) routing protocol targeted towards improving the QoS of MANET by mitigating network overhead. In this work, all nodes are assumed to be transmitting while calculating their Instant Processing State (IPS) using the concept of knapsack problem. A threshold value for node IPS is set and any node below the set threshold value is not considered during data transmission. An improved Location Aided Routing (iLAR) is used for route search process which helped in reducing network overhead. Results from simulation showed that TE-AODV has improved the throughput of energy aware Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (E-AODV) routing protocol. TE-AODV improved the network throughput by 2.9% as a function of simulation time and 3.7% as a function of mobility of node over the E-AODV routing protocol

Guide to Large Scale Production of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) for Sustainable Aquaculture Development in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges.

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food production sectors to every household in Nigeria. Products from aquaculture such as fish food supply protein to household protein. However, biosafety of food products from aquaculture is now considered as public health concern in Nigeria. This is due to the nature and component of materials used as rearing facilities on the fish farm. Elimination of unwanted fishes and other predators is a common practice among fish farmers in Nigeria prior to stocking of desirable fish fingerlings. The use of synthetic pesticides to eliminate unwanted fishes and other predators in pond is persistent and could get into the food chain. Thus, the use of environmentally safe natural pesticides as an alternative is being embraced in aquaculture because they have a short time of toxicity disappearance and biodegradable. This will enhance the principles of sustainable aquaculture production and its management in Nigeria. In Southwestern Nigeria, there is little or no information on commercial production of Moringa oleifera for aquaculture purpose. There is the need for future development on Moringa production on commercial scale in Southwestern Nigeria and elsewhere in the tropics for sustainable aquaculture development. The paper therefore reviewed possible guide to Moringa oleifera production, methodology for its potential application in sustainable aquaculture development in Southwestern Nigeria. Possible prospects and challenges to encounter during commercial production were discussed.Keywords: Moringa oleifera, commercial, Sustainable aquaculture, Southwestern Nigeri

ANAEMIA AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN ABEOKUTA, OGUN STATE

 This study was conducted at the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. Respondents were two hundred         (200) female undergraduates who filled out their questionnaires properly and had their anthropometric         measurements and their matching blood samples taken. Haemoglobin concentration was determined        for each respondent using WHO standard and their nutritional status assessed using Body mass index              2         (wt/ht ).   Descriptive   statistics   was   used   to   analyze   data   from   the   questionnaires.   Results   from   this        study showed that more than half (59%) of the population were anaemic. Many (45%) of the students        were also underweight. It can be concluded that the low haemoglobin levels found among the students         may be as a result of low food consumption and the frequent consumption of tea.  Nutrition education         is recommended to improve nutritional status of the students&nbsp

Preliminary Toxicological Screening of Ichthyotoxic Compound of Moringa oleifera (LAM.) Hot Ethanolic Extract to Freshwater Fish, Oreochromis Niloticus (L.) Fingerlings.

Moringa oleifera is an indigenous tree growing in Southwestern Nigeria for food and medicinal property. Therefore this study evaluates the preliminary toxicological screening of ichthyotoxic compounds in Moringa oleifera to freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. The morphological parts such as leaf, seed, stem-bark, pod (fruit), root-wood and root-bark were subjected to standard phytochemical screening method of plant metabolites. Screening done was just only to identify their presences and not quantify as limited to the current research. The Fresh Root-bark Hot Ethanolic Extract (FRBHEE) was toxicologically tested on fish fingerlings for 96hours.Acute toxicity concentrations obtained were 0, 10,17,31,56,100 where 0mgl-1 served as control. The Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) for Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings obtained 50 was 43.09 mgl-1 with 95% upper and lower limit confidence interval between 74.78-28.65 mgl-1 respectively. High mortality was obtained at 100mgl-1 of FRBHEE where fish behavioural changes such as rolling upward, backward swimming, sudden mucus secretion, haemorrhages, stiff fin rays and erratic collision on wall of the tank attested to ichthyotoxic property of FRBHEE. Therefore, ichthyotoxic compounds found in M.oleifera could further be quantified to know the exact grammes it's contained. FRBHEE could serve as organic piscicides in aquaculture pond management to wipe out predators prior to stocking of fish pond with desirable fish species.Keywords: Moringa oleifera, ichthyotoxicity, fish, phytochemical, LC5

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPLEMENTARY FOODS PRODUCED FROM SORGHUM, SESAME, CARROT AND CRAYFISH

Low-cost, nutritive but bulk-reduced complementary foods using sorghum, sesame, carrot and crayfish        flour were evaluated for proximate compositions (energy, protein, fats, fibre, ash), minerals (Fe, Zn,        Ca, Cu, Se), total carotenoids, vitamin C, organoleptic attributes, and functional characteristics with        respect to bulk density, dispersibility, water absorption capacity, swelling power, solubility and pasting        properties. The composite flours contained higher moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se,        carotenoids, vitamin C than the control. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the chemical,        functional and pasting properties of the different blends and the control. The Sensory panelists ratings        showed that porridge from the control was preferred over the others because it possessed good sen-        sory   qualities.   With   the   satisfactory   nutritive   value   and   functional   characteristics   of   the   composite        flours, they can be recommended to infants and young children.&nbsp