Socialiniai ir demografiniai veiksniai, lemiantys agresijos ir smurto šeimoje apraiškas: agresoriaus modelio konstravimas

The purpose of the research was to discover some selected social and demographic factors which can influence the displays of aggression and violence as well as the alcohol abuse. Several factors were taken into analysis: men’s age, their education, place of residence and the jobs which they perform. The analysis of the research results confirmed that displaying aggression and / or violence is strictly related to abusing alcohol. The research indicated that aggression and violence happen most frequently in families in which the men’s age is between 23 to 30; it happens with men with higher and secondary education who are regular alcohol drinkers; most often in the rural area.Straipsnyje analizuojami socialiniai-demografiniai agresijos ir smurto šeimoje veiksniai. Dabartiniai agresijos ir smurto šeimoje moksliniai tyrimai rodo, kad svarbus tokio elgesio veiksnys yra piktnaudžiavimas alkoholiu. Pateikto tyrimo tikslas – ištirti pasirinktus socialinius-demografinius veiksnius, kurie gali turėti įtakos agresijos, smurto ir prievartos apraiškoms bei piktnaudžiavimui alkoholiu. Remiantis moksline literatūra galima teigti, kad agresija ir smurtas dažniausiai užfiksuojami pavartojus alkoholio. Tyrime analizuojami tokie veiksniai: vyrų amžius, išsilavinimas, gyvenamoji vieta ir darbo pobūdis. Tyrime dalyvavo 710 moterų. Moterys buvo iš dviejų vaivadijų: Varmijos Mozūrų ir Pamario, esančių Šiaurės Lenkijoje. Duomenų apdorojimui buvo naudojama statistinė analizė, panaudotas Chi kvadrato testas ir Kramerio Vxy koeficientas. Rezultatų analizė patvirtino, kad agresijos ir smurto apraiškos yra glaudžiai susijusios su alkoholio vartojimu. Tyrimai parodė, kad agresija ir smurtas dažniausiai pasireiškia šeimose, kur vyrų amžius 23–30 metų; pasireiškia tarp turinčių aukštesnįjį ir vidurinį išsilavinimą, kurie dažnai vartoja alkoholį bei didžiausias paplitimas yra kaimo vietovėse. Tyrimai nepatvirtino ryšio tarp vyrų atliekamo darbo bei agresijos ir smurto apraiškų. Tyrimas leidžia daryti bendrą sociologinį-demografinį šiuolaikinio agresoriaus modelio eskizą, kuriam yra būdinga: aukštesnysis išsilavinimas, 30 metų ir jaunesnis amžius bei gyvenimas kaimo vietovėje

Socialiniai ir demografiniai veiksniai, lemiantys agresijos ir smurto šeimoje apraiškas: agresoriaus modelio konstravimas

The purpose of the research was to discover some selected social and demographic factors which can influence the displays of aggression and violence as well as the alcohol abuse. Several factors were taken into analysis: men’s age, their education, place of residence and the jobs which they perform. The analysis of the research results confirmed that displaying aggression and / or violence is strictly related to abusing alcohol. The research indicated that aggression and violence happen most frequently in families in which the men’s age is between 23 and 30; it happens with men with higher and secondary education who are regular alcohol drinkers; most often in the rural area.Straipsnyje analizuojami socialiniai - demografiniai agresijos ir smurto šeimoje veiksniai. Dabartiniai agresijos ir smurto šeimoje moksliniai tyrimai rodo, kad svarbus tokio elgesio veiksnys yra piktnaudžiavimas alkoholiu. Pateikto tyrimo tikslas – ištirti pasirinktus socialinius - demografinius veiksnius, kurie gali turėti įtakos agresijos, smurto ir prievartos apraiškoms bei piktnaudžiavimui alkoholiu. Remiantis moksline literatūra galima teigti, kad agresija ir smurtas dažniausiai užfiksuojami pavartojus alkoholio. Tyrime analizuojami tokie veiksniai: vyrų amžius, išsilavinimas, gyvenamoji vieta ir darbo pobūdis. Tyrime dalyvavo 710 moterų. Moterys buvo iš dviejų vaivadijų: Varmijos Mozūrų ir Pamario, esančių Šiaurės Lenkijoje. Duomenų apdorojimui buvo naudojama statistinė analizė, panaudotas Chi kvadrato testas ir Kramerio Vxy koeficientas. Rezultatų analizė patvirtino, kad agresijos ir smurto apraiškos yra glaudžiai susijusios su alkoholio vartojimu. Tyrimai parodė, kad agresija ir smurtas dažniausiai pasireiškia šeimose, kur vyrų amžius 23–30 metų; pasireiškia tarp turinčių aukštesnįjį ir vidurinį išsilavinimą, kurie dažnai vartoja alkoholį bei didžiausias paplitimas yra kaimo vietovėse. Tyrimai nepatvirtino ryšio tarp vyrų atliekamo darbo bei agresijos ir smurto apraiškų. Tyrimas leidžia daryti bendrą sociologinį - demografinį šiuolaikinio agresoriaus modelio eskizą, kuriam yra būdinga: aukštesnysis išsilavinimas, 30 metų ir jaunesnis amžius bei gyvenimas kaimo vietovėje

Core values applicable for implementing Managing by Values in a mining corporation. The concept and construction of Values of Mining Corporation Scale (VMCS)

The article presents Values of Mining Corporation Scale (VMCS) that measures five values of a mining company: protection pursued by safety, obedience implemented by discipline, practical skills carried out by experience, trust executed by responsibility and finally courage and exceptionality implemented by tradition. In a quantitative study (N = 193) the authors verify properties of the constructed scale. A relationship between employee perception for locus of control and perception of mining values has been examined. The results suggest that measured values are related with each other and with a superior value of nature as a source of wealth. Moreover the presence of measured values correlates with the perception of control located internally, thus it increases the perceived impact of own employee’s actions

Consumer behavior towards plant-based milk alternatives

Celem badania było określenie wyborów i preferencji konsumentów napojów roślinnych stanowiących alternatywę dla mleka. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2021-2022 na terenie województwa wielkopolskiego i kujawsko-pomorskiego, wśród 1167 osób, w wieku od 18 do 75 lat, deklarujących dietę wegańską lub dietę uwzględniającą produkty roślinne oraz zwierzęce (tradycyjna). Dobór grup był losowy, z doborem warstwowym uwzględniającym dobór społeczeństwa polskiego pod względem płci, wieku i rodzaju diety. Badania przeprowadzono z użyciem metody sondażowej z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza w formie elektronicznej. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono częstsze spożycie roślinnych substytutów mleka wśród wegan. Potwierdzono jednak, że znaczącą grupą odbiorców mogą być także osoby deklarujące dietę tradycyjną. Głównymi konsumentami na rynku napojów roślinnych stanowiących alternatywę dla mleka są konsumenci w wieku 18-35 lat, niezależnie od deklarowanej diety. W grupach osób starszych były nimi częściej kobiety. Najczęściej spożywanymi napojami były napoje owsiane i sojowe, a następnie migdałowe, kokosowe i ryżowe. Jednak wysokie ceny napojów roślinnych stanowią znaczną barierę obniżającą zakup tej grupy produktów. Czynnikami mogącymi wpłynąć na zwiększenie rynku napojów roślinnych u wegan mogą być deklaracje związane ze zrównoważonym rozwojem, a u osób deklarujących diety tradycyjne potwierdzone aspekty zdrowotne. Ponad 80% respondentów deklarowało znacznie częstsze spożywanie tej grupy produktów w przyszłości, szczególnie mleka owsianego. Konsumenci deklarowali poszukiwanie tej grupy produktów z wykorzystaniem platform internetowych i z tych źródeł czerpali wiedzę na ich tematThe aim of this study was to determine the choices and preferences of consumers aged 18 to 75 for plant-based beverages as an alternative to milk. The study was conducted in the years 2021–2022 on 1167 people from Wielkopolska and Kuyavian Pomeranian Voivodeship aged 18–75, declaring a vegan diet or a diet including plant and animal products (traditional). The group selection was random, with stratified sampling taking into account the sampling of Polish society in terms of the type of diet, sex, and age. The research was conducted using the survey method using the online survey technique. Our studies showed a more frequent consumption of plant-based beverages among vegans was found. However, it was confirmed that people declaring vegan and traditional diets could be a strong group of recipients. The main predictors of the plant-based beverages market are consumers aged 18-35, regardless of the declared diet. It was found that among people over 35, women reported more frequent consumption of plant-based beverages. The most frequently consumed beverages were oat and soy drinks, followed by almond, coconut and rice drinks. However, the relatively high prices of plant-based drinks constitute a significant barrier to reducing the purchase of these products. Factors that may increase the market of plant-based drinks may include declarations for vegans related to sustainable development and for people declaring traditional diets confirmed health aspects. Over 80% of respondents claimed much more frequent consumption of this group of products in the future, especially oat milk. Consumers proclaimed that they were looking for this group of products using Internet platforms, and from these sources, they gained knowledge about them

Effect of Acute and Prolonged Inflammation on the Gene Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Their Receptors in the Anterior Pituitary Gland of Ewes

An acute and prolonged inflammation inhibits the reproduction process by the disruption of the neurohormonal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. It is thought that these changes may be caused by proinflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an acute and prolonged inflammation on the expression of genes encoding cytokine and their receptors, gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), beta subunits of luteinizing hormone (LHβ) and follicle-stimulating (FSHβ) in the anterior pituitary (AP). Moreover, the circulating concentration of LH and FSH was also assayed. Two experiments were carried out on adult ewes which were divided into two control groups and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 400 ng / kg). Acute inflammation was caused by a single injection of LPS into the external jugular vein, while the chronic inflammation was induced by seven times LPS injection (one a day). In both experiments, animals were euthanized 3h after the last LPS / NaCl injection and the blood samples collected 15 min before euthanasia. An acute inflammation stimulates the expression of the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα genes and their receptors in the AP of sheep. Prolonged inflammation increased TNFα gene expression and both types of TNFα and IL-6 receptors. Both an acute and prolonged inflammation inhibited LHβ gene expression in the AP and reduced LH level in blood. A sevenfold LPS injection raises FSH concentration. The gene expression of GnRHR was reduced in the ovine AP only after a single injection of endotoxin. Our results suggest that there are important differences in the way how an acute and prolonged inflammation influence proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors gene expression in the AP of anestrous ewes, which could be reflected by differences in the AP secretory activity during these states

Pumpkin, Cauliflower and Broccoli as New Carriers of Thiamine Compounds for Food Fortification

The aim of the study is to explore the possibility of vegetables being used as carriers of thiamine. The influence of carrier type (thiamine hydrochloride—TCh and thiamine pyrophosphate—TP) for the thiamine stability were investigated. Two varieties of pumpkin, Muscat and Hokkaido, as well as Cauliflower and Broccoli, were used as a matrix for the thiamine applied. The impregnated and freeze-dried vegetables were stored (230 days) with changing access to light (access to and restriction of light) and temperature (21 °C and 40 °C). The analyzed carriers were also used in the production of gnocchi dumplings. The content of thiamine was analyzed using the thiochromium method. In the study, consumer tests (n = 199) and sensory profiling were used to assess the impact of thiamine carriers on the sensory quality of gnocchi dumplings. It was found that the introduction of dried vegetables at the level of 30% allows for high sensory desirability of analyzed products, as well as suggesting the possibility of their frequent consumption. Such a product could potentially become an alternative to pork meat as a good source of thiamine. However, it should be noted that the thiamine losses may occur during the storage of dried vegetables and their culinary preparation

The Selection of the Optimal Impregnation Conditions of Vegetable Matrices with Iodine

This study aimed to determine the use of selected vegetables (pumpkin, cauliflower, broccoli, carrot) as carriers of potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) by determining changes in iodine content under various conditions of impregnation as the degree of hydration, impregnated sample temperature, and impregnation time. The influence of these conditions on iodine contents in vegetables after their fortification and storage (21 °C/230 days) was analyzed. The results showed that all selected vegetables could be efficient iodine carriers. However, the conditions of the impregnation process are crucial for fortification efficiency, particularly the degree of hydration and the temperature of the impregnated samples before drying. The results showed that the lowest iodine content was in samples fortified at 4 °C and 1:4 hydration. On the other hand, the highest reproducibility of iodine was for the following fortification conditions: temperature of −76 °C and hydration of 1:1. The studies confirmed the higher stability of iodine in KIO3 form compared to KI. To increase recovery of the introduced iodine in the product after drying, using the conditioning step at 4 °C is not recommended. We recommend freezing vegetables immediately after the impregnation proces

LPS-Induced Inflammation Potentiates the IL-1-Mediated Reduction of LH Secretion from the Anterior Pituitary Explants

Acting at the level of the brain, interleukin- (IL-)1β is considered to be one of the most potent downregulators of reproduction processes during immune/inflammatory challenge. IL-1β suppresses gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus resulting in the inhibition of the luteinizing hormone (LH) release from the anterior pituitary (AP). However, the presence of IL-1β receptors in the AP suggests the possible direct action of this cytokine on LH secretion. The study was designed to determine the effect of IL-1β on the LH secretion from the AP explants collected from saline and LPS-treated ewes in the follicular phase. It was found that IL-1β suppressed () GnRH-stimulated LH release and LHβ gene expression in AP explants in both groups. However, IL-1β action was more potent in the explants collected from LPS-treated animals. Pituitaries from LPS-treated animals were characterized by increased () IL-1 type I receptor and decreased () GnRH receptor gene expression level compared to the saline-treated group. IL-1β also affected the GnRH-R gene expression in explants collected from LPS-treated animals. Our results show that direct action of IL-1β on the pituitary gonadotropes could be one of the reasons of the reproductive processes disorders accompanying an inflammatory state