Removal of pollutant from industrial effluent using ion – exchange resin

Heavy metals are found as pollutant in industrial waste waters. Mainly it is originating from chemical anufacturing, painting and coating, extractive metallurgy, mining,nuclear, and other industries. Heavy metals exert a deleterious effect on the fauna and flora of lakes and streams. One of the potential remedies to this problem is the use of adsorption technologies. A resin named Tulsion A-23 is used for the removal of copper ion from water in this experiment. Aim of the experiment is to study the influences of various factors, such as contact time, pH of solution, initial adsorbate concentration, initial metal ion concentration and temperature, on the sorption and optimize their values. Experimental results show that resin had a good adsorption capacity for copper and could reduce the concentrations of copper in the wastewater. Suitable time for the operation is found to be 110 min. at solution pH of 6 with 400mg/L of resin and initial concentration of copper 60mg/L.Removal of copper at these optimized parameter is found to be 99.25 %. After that the removal of copper becomes practically very slow.The experimental data is well fitted with Temkin adsorption isotherm and follows second order rate kinetics.Based on these results we can conclude that it is possible to use this resin for removing copper from waste water

AN OVERVIEW ON MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLET: FROM MANUFACTURING AND PATENTED TECHNIQUE TO QUALITY CONTROL TEST

Due to the oral route’s comfort, convenience, and patient compliance, it is the most important and advised method for administering medications. The typical oral unit dosage form that is most frequently employed is the tablet. The patients experience problems swallowing during pill administration. Tablets called mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) that quickly dissolve in the mouth without the need of water can lessen this issue. As a new drug delivery system, MDTs have begun to acquire recognition and appeal. By developing a simple-to-use dosage form that will increase compliance, they hope to increase the safety and efficiency of therapeutic molecules. For individuals with dysphasia, such as children, the elderly, and those who are mentally ill, mouth dispersing medications are becoming more reliable. The introduction, benefits, drawbacks, excipients employed, different formulation procedures, and evaluation factors are all covered in this review

A Mathematical Study for the Existence and Survival of Human Population in a Polluted Environment

Rapidly rising population and increasing urbanization have the potential for producing a high level of pollution. Pollutants have the ability to change the distributions of patterns of plants and animals. Some of the main pollutant categories are water pollutants, air pollution, pesticides, and radioactive waste. Most abundantly toxicants are produced by the chemical and medical industries. We used food crops that are produced by using pesticide and herbicides, etc. Due to the enormous variety of toxic substances are present in the atmosphere, it is challenging task to determine the potential ecological and human health risk. Keeping all these things in mind, in this paper, a non-linear mathematical model is developed to examine the existence and survival of the human population in a polluted environment. For this, we have assumed four variables the human population, population pressure, urbanization, and toxicants and considered that the human population propagates logistically, urbanization and toxicants propagate at the constant rate. The qualitative analysis of the system shows that the rapid increase in urbanization increases the toxicants in the environment which causes the growth of the human population decrease. Some numerical simulations are also made to examine the validity of the model

Intravenous versus oral iron therapy in treatment of postpartum anaemia

Background: Postpartum iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is common in women. Most women are treated with either oral iron supplementation or blood transfusion. Hence, the aim of our study was to compare the effect of treatment with either oral ferrous sulphate or intravenous ferrous sucrose on postpartum IDA.Methods: 100 postpartum women with proven iron deficiency anaemia with hemoglobin <9gm/dl and serum ferritin <15 µgm/l were included in the study. They were randomized to receive either oral ferrous sulphate 200 mg twice daily for 6 weeks (group 1) or intravenous ferrous sucrose 200 mg, two to three doses given on alternate days (group 2). Total iron deficit was calculated using a standard formula. Target hemoglobin was 11 gm/dl. Results were analysed by the students t-test and chi-square test. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell indices and ferritin were measured on day 2-3, 1-2 weeks and 6 weeks postpartumResults: By 1-2 weeks, hemoglobin level in women treated with intravenous iron had risen from 7.81±0.849 to 9.88±0.760 gm/dl which was more than those treated with oral iron (p<0.01); although by 6 weeks, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Ferritin levels rose rapidly in those treated with intravenous iron and remained significantly higher than in those treated with oral iron (p<0.01).Conclusions: Intravenous iron sucrose increases the hemoglobin level more rapidly than oral ferrous sulphate in women with postpartum IDA. It also replenishes iron stores more rapidly.

Pancytopenia in pregnant patients with COVID-19 infection and vitamin B12 deficiency: a case report study

Background: Folate and vitamin B 12 deficiency can lead to pancytopenia in pregnancy. Some cases of pancytopenia due to COVID-19 infection have also been reported. The two cases that we present are related to the coincidence of pregnancy and deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B12 with COVID-19 infection. Case presentation: A 26-year- woman G3P1L1A1 and 21-year-woman G2P1L1 presented with pancytopenia and mild COVID-19 infection. The antenatal period was uneventful, and both cases also had folate and vitamin B12 deficiency. They received blood products, folic acid, and vitamin B12 supplementation. COVID- 19 infection was managed well with analgesic and vital monitoring. Postpartum hemorrhage occurred in the second case, which was well managed with uterotonics. All laboratory parameters came out to be normal after three months of supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12. Conclusion: Pancytopenia in pregnancy due to folate and vitamin B12 deficiency and COVID- 19 infection can be easily managed with timely intensive targeted therapy, but we should be extra vigilant while handling such complicated cases, keeping in mind all possible differential diagnoses for pancytopenia

Fifteen Years of Fragmentation and Land Cover Change in India’s Ten Largest Cities – A Google Earth Engine Analysis

Urbanization is one of the most transformative drivers of global environmental change today, with India representing one of the fastest urbanizing countries. We map the urban expansion of India’s ten largest cities from 2001 to 2016, through a regression tree classification of Landsat data in Google Earth Engine. Indian cities are growing through sprawl, and simultaneously densifying through in-filling. In Delhi, Mumbai and Pune, urban growth is multinucleated, aggregating to form a larger urban region. However, the dominant pattern in most cities is mono-nucleated growth via edge-expansion. The colonial signature is visible in many cities such as Bangalore, where due to the British colonial practice of planting trees in the cantonment, the city interior has lower urban density at the core as compared to the periphery. Much of the urban growth between 2001-2016 is at the expense of agriculture and fallow areas. Across all cities, urban patches have expanded and coalesced into larger units. At the same time, there is an overall loss of surface water cover within cities. Urban growth has led to fragmentation of tree cover, agriculture/fallow and water bodies. This paper demonstrates that India’s urbanization is leading to severe impacts on water security (because of the loss of surface water), biodiversity (because of the fragmentation of tree cover and the conversion of agriculture and fallow lands to built up urban cover), factors which if left unaddressed will severely impact the sustainability of Indian urbanization

Analysis of RCC curved box girder bridges

153-159Analysis of RCC box girder bridge is carried out for three different box girder sections, i.e. single, double and triple cells using finite element technique by linear static method of analysis. Bridge models are studied with the variation of degree of curvature, which is varied from 0° to 60° at an interval of 6°. Load cases considered are dead load and live load conforming to Indian Road Congress (IRC). The variation of bending moment, torsional moment, shear force and deflection is studied which are found to be increased with curvature. It has been estimated that the increased deflection in single, double and triple cell box girder bridges is about 295%, 280% and 245%, respectively, in between 0°(straight) and 60° curved bridges. This study states that the design of curved bridges is not a simple task which needs to be performed with utmost care

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STEROIDS FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF PROSOPIS JULIFLORA

Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the steroid content present in the leaves, stem, pods and callus of Prosopis juliflora.Methods: The method of Tomita et al., was used for isolation of steroids. The structure of the isolated compound was established on the basis of physical and chemical test and spectroscopic evidence (TLC, IR and GC-MS).Results: The study concluded that a single type of steroid Diosgenin was found in the selected plant species.Conclusion: Diosgenin is an important steroidal metabolite used as a starting material for the synthesis of steroidal drugs, as it exhibits estrogenic activity

Box-Girder Bridges - Modelling and Analysis

The box-girder bridge has become very popular lately due to its serviceability, stability, and structural efficiency. The study of such a bridge requires analytical, experimental, or numerical methods. The structural behavior of the box-girder bridge is very complex and is quite cumbersome to be investigated by conventional methods. This paper presents a modelling process for the analysis of simply supported reinforced concrete (RC) box-girder bridges (straight, skew, curve, and skew-curved) using the finite element method under Indian loading conditions. This modelling process is developed on the basis of the Codal provisions of Indian Road Congress (IRC) 6:2017 and IRC 21:2000, and its implementation is quite simple as it avoids the cumbersome calculations and requires less time. Different values of the span, span-depth ratio, and the number of cells are considered to suit the requirements, and limiting criteria for stresses and deflection are checked. The static and free vibration analyses are carried out, and the results are compared to control the applicability of the proposed modelling process. The present modelling process is applied to analyse the RC box-girder bridges up to 50 m spans, and no erection procedure is included. However, one may follow the proposed modelling procedure for any box-girder bridge for its analysis