Проблемы занятости в современной России: пять неотложных дел

The employment issues existing in contemporary Russia including its socio-demographic, economic and regional dimensions are considered. It is argued and substantiated that priority strategies to cope with these issues include: reduction of unemployment and handling of the unemployment benefits’ payments; prevention of the labor force decreasing; including informal (unreported) employment into the public statistical accounting; providing for the people inflow to and increasing employment of those living in Siberia and the Far East of Russia; organization of 25 million high-productive jobs in the national economy.Рассматривается современная ситуация в России в сфере занятости, ее социально-демографические, экономические и региональные аспекты. Обоснованы приоритетные направления решения этой проблемы, включающие снижение безработицы и нормализацию ситуации с выплатами пособий по безработице, недопущение сокращения трудоспособного населения; включение в государственный статистический учет численности неформально занятого населения, обеспечение притока населения и увеличение занятости в регионах Сибири и Дальнего Востока и создание 25 млн высокопроизводительных рабочих мест в российской экономике

«Кремниевые долины» – зоны инноваций в США, Китае, ЕС, России и других странах

The article explores the history of the formation of innovation zones – c enters of scientific and innovative development, their sources and activators, starting with the creation of Silicon Valley in California (USA) in the 1950s, the name of which has become a generic term for a large innovation center and is used in different countries. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the conditions and nature of the development of Silicon Valleys and innovation zones in different countries and in Russia. The methodology consists of empirical crosscountry analysis and comparison methods, allowing to identify innovation zones by the degree of influence (scale) on the economy and modern scientific and technological development. As a result of the comparative cross-country analysis, it is concluded that Russia has favorable conditions for creating an extensive “Silicon Valley”, especially in its regions that have large scientific and technical reserves and conditions for such development. However, such conditions and organizational measures are currently absent in Russia, which makes the comparative analysis of the impact of Silicon Valleys and innovation zones on the economic development of advanced countries in the world in terms of science and technology relevant. The article also provides an author’s assessment of the capitalization of unicorn firms created by Russians abroad, not in Russia, which confirms the need for work to create territorial associations of high-tech firms and projects.В статье исследуется история формирования инновационных зон –  центров научно-инновационного развития, их источников и активаторов, начиная с создания в 50-е гг. ХХ в. в Калифорнии   (США) Кремниевой долины, название которой стало нарицательным для обозначения крупного инновационного центра и используется в разных странах. Целью исследования выступает сравнительный анализ условий и характера развития кремниевых долин и инновационных зон в различных странах и России. Методологию составляют эмпирический межстрановый анализ и метод сравнения, позволяющие выделить инновационные зоны по степени влияния (масштабу) на экономику и современное научнотехническое развитие. В итоге проведения сравнительного межстранового анализа получен вывод, что в России имеются вполне благоприятные условия для создания обширной «Кремниевой долины», причём в её регионах, имеющих крупные научно-технические заделы и условия для такого развития. Пока в России отсутствуют организационные основы реализации имеющихся возможностей, что актуализирует проведенный сопоставительный анализ влияния кремниевых долин и инновационных зон на экономическое развития передовых стран мира по уровню науки и технологий. В статье также выполнена авторская оценка капитализации фирм-единорогов, созданных россиянами за рубежом, не в России, что также подтверждает потребность развёртывания работы по созданию территориальных объединений наукоёмких фирм и проектов

WIDER Advisory Group on International Economic Issues

(A research and training centre of the United Nations University

What the Regions Can Do to Overcome Stagnation and Rekindle Significant Socioeconomic Growth

Abstract—: The article discusses the crucial need to rekindle socioeconomic growth in Russia. It shows that the main directions on this path are financial boosting of investment in fixed assets and, to a greater extent, human capital. The state should put emphasis on technological re-equipping of the entire national economy, modern infrastructure, accelerated housing and social construction, and poverty alleviation. Mobilization of investment in fixed assets and knowledge economy is considered the main driver of socioeconomic development in regions and overcoming the present economic and social inequality. The potential advantages of investment lending, issuance of regional loans, and local budgets optimization are analyzed in detail. The article considers the opportunities regions have in improving the well-being of the population. Among the proposed measures are raising of the minimum wage, insurance in shared financing of housing construction, an adequate system of social benefits based on monitoring of needy families, and expansion of loans issued for education. The set of measures proposed by the author is supplemented by a set of necessary corrective measures in the face of serious risks involved in continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic and oil crisis. The article stresses a particular role of financial and monetary authorities in supporting business and the public

Employment issues in the modern Russia: five urgent matters

The employment issues existing in contemporary Russia including its socio-demographic, economic and regional dimensions are considered. It is argued and substantiated that priority strategies to cope with these issues include: reduction of unemployment and handling of the unemployment benefits’ payments; prevention of the labor force decreasing; including informal (unreported) employment into the public statistical accounting; providing for the people inflow to and increasing employment of those living in Siberia and the Far East of Russia; organization of 25 million high-productive jobs in the national economy