Anthelmintic activity of the crude aqueous leaf extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus in sheep

The safety and anthelmintic activity of the crude aqueous leaf extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus was investigated in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodiasis using the feacal egg count reduction test and the controlled test. The results indicate that the extract had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the vital parameters such as temperature, respiratory and pulse rates nor did it produce any sign of toxicity in the treated animals. There were also no significant changes (P>0.05) in the body weight and haematological parameters of the albendazole or extract treated groups except the packed cell volume (PCV) of albendazole treated group and the white blood cells of the 400 mg/kg treated group and untreated group seven days post-treatment, which were significantly higher (

Effect of chemical reaction on unsteady MHD free convective two immiscible fluids flow

The effect of chemical reaction on unsteady MHD free convective two immiscible fluids flow has been studied. Approximate analytical solutions to the governing equations are found for the coupled and linear differential equations using regular perturbation method. Graphs depicting the effect of chemical reaction parameter and others flow parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are obtained anddiscussed accordingly. The effect of flow parameters on the coefficient of skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also tabulated and discussed appropriately. It was observed that the increase in chemical reaction coefficient/parameter suppresses both velocity and concentration profiles.Keywords: Chemical Reaction, MHD, Convective, Immiscible, Unstead

Acute toxicity effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus in rats

A study was conducted to investigate the acute toxicity effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus using conventional methods. The result of the oral acute toxicity study revealed nodeath with doses up to 3200 mg/kg body weight. However, the rats showed signs of depression and inappetence. Using the intraperitoneal route, the rats showed dose-dependent signs of toxicity ranging from inappetence, depression, unsteady gait, tremors, and respiratory distress to death. The I/P LD50 was 1400 mg/kg body weight. No gross changes were observed in the organs of rats that died following extract administration. Histopathological lesions were also not observed in all the organs except the lungs, which showed congestion, oedema and bronchitis. These results suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of A. leiocarpus could be used with some degree of safety especially by oral route

Unsteady magneto hydrodynamic poiseuille oscillatory flow between two infinite parallel porous plates

Alfred studied on the steady Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) Poiseuille flow between two infinite parallel porous plates in an inclined magnetic field. The case of steady Poiseuille flow without oscillatory to extend the existing work. The study examines the unsteady MHD Poiseuille oscillatory flow between the two infinite parallel porous plates in a magnetic field. The motion of two dimensional unsteady oscillatory flow of viscous, electrically, conducting, incompressible fluid flowing between two infinite parallel plates at constant pressure gradient was examined. The analytical expression for the fluid velocity obtained was expressed in terms of Hartmann number. The effects of the magnetic inclinations, Hartmann number, suction/injection and pressure gradient to the velocity are presented graphically. It was discovered that the increase in the Hartmann number and suction/injection leads to the increase in the velocity

Effects of dietary lead exposure and graded levels of ascorbic acid supplementation on performance and haematology of broiler chickens

The effects of dietary lead acetate (LA) exposure on growth performance and haematological characteristics of broiler chickens and possible  ameliorative effect of ascorb ic acid (AA) were investigated. One hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six treatment groups of 20 birds with two replicates. Six isonitrogenous and isocalories experimental diets were compounded and fed to birds for seven weeks: T1 (control) received diet I (0mg of LA and AA/kg feed), T2 received diet II (200mg LA/kg feed), T3 received diet III (200mg LA and 50mg AA/kg  feed), T4 received diet IV (200mg LA and 100mg AA/kg feed), T5 received diet V (200mg LA and 150mg AA/kg feed) and T6 received diet VI (200mg LA and 200mg AA/kg feed). Finally, two birds per replicate were randomly selected, weighed and slaughtered. For haematology, blood samples were collected into labelled EDTA - bottles. PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb concentration were determined using Auto Haem analyzer. T2 showed significantly (P<0.05) decreased body weight and dressed weight than the control. Although depressive effects of LA on body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significant. Birds in other treatments compared favourably with the control. Dietary lead significantly (P<0.05) reduced  WBC in T2, while it significantly (P<0.05) and nonsignificant (P>0.05) lowered haemoglobin and RBC in T2 and T6 respectively. The PCV was numerically lowered in T2 and T6. However, haematology of AA treated groups, especially those of T3and T4 compares favourably with thecontrol. In conclusion, dietary lead exposure negatively affects growth performance and haematology of broilers, which was ameliorated by as low as 50mg AA/kg diet supplementation

Heat and mass transfer of MHD for an unsteady viscous oscillatory flow

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) studies on chemical reaction concepts, with heat and mass transfer, were presented. Unsteady viscous at the two-dimensional motion of oscillatory flow is considered. Transverse magnetic on a field known to have an influence on pressure gradient at non-dimensional parameters were closely studied and a technique point was carried out. Hartmann number, Grashof, Prandtl, Schmidt numbers and diffusivity ratio effect on the velocity profile and temperature profile overheat and mass transfer of MHD flow. Graphically presentation shows velocity gradient change in the Hartmann number, suction/injection, Grashof, and Prandtl. For Schmidt numbers velocity profile increase on heat and mass transfer. Diffusivity ratio also leads to change velocity and temperature profile

The effect of hydrogen on transient flow of hydrogen natural gas mixture

Hydrogen is a high pressure gas, hence hydrogen natural gas mixture require an accurate prediction of transient flow parameter. The reduce order modelling is used in analysis of transient flow, where viscosity change is neglected thereby reducing the governing equations to Euler equation based on the assumption. The hydrogen natural gas mixture is homogenous, with pressure and velocity considered as principal dependent variable where polytrophic process is admitted. For improvement on the accurate prediction of flow parameters on the analysis of transient flow of hydrogen natural gas mixture in pipeline implicit Steger-Warming flux vector splitting method (FSM) used in the construction of efficient reduce order model. The result shows significant improvement on efficiency, accuracy and uniqueness when compared to normal conventional numerical techniques. The effect of heat transfer is observed on heat flux and internal energy of transient flow. The methods of reduced order with and without static correction show significant agreement for different gas ratio. The prediction of flow parameter along the pipeline can improvegas delivery and the analysis of transient flow behaviour at any point during the flow

Modeling and simulation of transient flow characteristics in a producing gas well

Modeling transient flow characteristics in a producing gas well has been a problem long over in natural gas industry due to parameter changing during operation. In the past, authors concentrate on application of correlations and steady state approach, but most of their works does not give satisfactory results because the used applications neglect the transient aspect leading to premature closure of most wells. Many existing models are proposed to correct these anomalies using simplified governing equation ignoring the transient aspect of the flow characteristics. A one-dimensional transient compressible model comparing the conservation of mass, momentum and energy has been presented to investigate the transient behavior of flow characteristics in a producing gas well staged at different inclination due to environment change. The model is solved numerically using the implicit Steger-Warming flux vector splitting method (FSM). The work investigates flow characteristics along depth of the well using different wellbore diameter of 0.073m, 0.0883m, at different time and different thermal conductivities. It shows that transient occurs due to the temperature difference between the produced gas and the flow environment while gas pressure increases due to difference between wellbore pressure and reservoir pressure. The result of this work reflect gas flow law and the characteristics of heat transfer in formation

Linear programming application in optimal allocation of buses to inter and intra state routes from Katsina State Transport Authority Service, Nigeria

In this paper, we study Linear Programming application in optimal allocation of Buses to inter and intra state routes from Katsina State transport authority services to maximize profit and boost the state’s internally generated revenue. The problem was formulated from the data collected at their headquarters and by taking into consideration all the constraints. The TORA (a software for finding solution to linear programming problems) was used to obtained the solution to the model which yielded the maximum objective value of ₦729, 578 daily after 16 iterations. This gives better result when compared to the current initiative schedule by the authority that yields ₦584, 652 per day. By the recommendation schedule, the State will be getting additional ₦144,926.00 daily which translates to 24.8% daily profit increase and over ₦4,000,000.00 monthly when implemented

Comparison of the effects of Craseonycteris thonglongyai (bumblebee bat) droppings and synthetic fertilizer on some phytotoxins in the leaf of Amaranthus cruentus

Leafy vegetables such as Amaranthus cruentus form important part of diet because they provide valuable nutrients for maintenance of good health and prevention of some diseases. Despite these enormous nutritional benefits, they may accumulate toxic substances that could have negative effects on health at high concentrations. The concentrations of these plant toxins could be influenced by the soil nutrient compositions. It is against this background that pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Craseonycteris thonglongyai droppings and chemical fertilizer on the concentrations of some phytotoxins (phytate, oxalate, cyanide and nitrate) in A. cruentus. The leaves of A. cruentus were harvested at maturity and were subjected to standard chemical analysis. The oxalate and phytate contents were determined by titrimetric method while cyanide and nitrate were evaluated by colourimetric method. The results showed that the application of both C. thonlongyai droppings and synthetic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) increased the nitrate content in the vegetable, however, the nitrate content in the vegetable treated with C. thonlongyai droppings was significantly lower when compared with the one fertilized with synthetic fertilizer. Similarly, application of C. thonlongyai droppings and chemical fertilizer has no significant effect on oxalate and phytate contents in A. cruentus except that the concentration of oxalate decreased significantly (p<0.05) with the application of C. thonglongyai droppings. Whereas chemical fertilizer has no significantly effect on the concentration of cyanide in the leaves of A. cruentus, its concentration decreased significantly with application of C. thonglongyai droppings. The study concludes that application of C. thonglongyai droppings decreased the bioaccumulation of some phytotoxins in the leaf of A. cruentus and improves its nutritional quality compared with the synthetic fertilize