Effectiveness of autogenic training and affect regulation training on anxiety sensitivity in women with type 2 diabetes

Objective: Diabetes and intermittent periods of fluctuations in blood sugar levels are associated with stress and negative emotions. Due to the fact that these patients are prone to emotional problems, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of autogenic training and affect regulation training on anxiety sensitivity in women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The statistical population included all women with type 2 diabetes in Tehran who referred to diabetes control centers in 2020. Among them, 45 people were selected by available sampling and replaced in two experimental and one control groups. All three groups completed anxiety sensitivity questionnaire. Autogenic training and affect regulation training were performed on the experimental groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The analysis of the results showed that both autogenic training and affect regulation training reduced anxiety sensitivity in women with type 1 diabetes (P<0.00), but the effectiveness of autogenic training was not significantly different from affect regulation training (P >0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that affect regulation training by accepting and expressing the negative emotions, reduced anxiety sensitivity in women with type 2 diabetes. Also, people with high anxiety sensitivity are incapable of moment-to-moment awareness without judgment. Thus, through autogenic training, the skill of processing thoughts and observing emotion as objective events in the mind is strengthened

Effectiveness of autogenic training and affect regulation training on anxiety sensitivity in women with type-2 Diabetes

Aims: Diabetes and intermittent periods of fluctuations in blood sugar levels are associated with stress and negative emotions. Due to the fact that these patients are prone to emotional problems, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of autogenic training and affect regulation training on anxiety sensitivity in women with type-2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The statistical population included all women with type-2 diabetes in Tehran who referred to diabetes control centers in 2020. Among them, 45 people were selected by available sampling and replaced in two experimental and one control groups. All three groups completed anxiety sensitivity questionnaire. Autogenic training and affect regulation training were performed on the experimental groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The analysis of the results showed that both autogenic training and affect regulation training reduced anxiety sensitivity in women with type 1 diabetes (p<0.00), but the effectiveness of autogenic training was not significantly different from affect regulation training (p >0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that affect regulation training by accepting and expressing the negative emotions, reduced anxiety sensitivity in women with type-2 diabetes. Also, people with high anxiety sensitivity are incapable of moment-to-moment awareness without judgment. Thus, through autogenic training, the skill of processing thoughts and observing emotion as objective events in the mind is strengthened

Effectiveness of Transactional Analysis Training on Modifying Communication Apprehension among Individuals with Poor Communication Skills

Introduction: this study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of transactional analysis training on improving communication apprehension in people with poor communication skills. Method: The method of this research was quasi-experimental with two experimental and control groups and pre- and post-test implementation. The statistical sample was comprised of 28 people with poor communication skills (obtaining score one in standard deviation below the mean score in the communication skills questionnaire). They were selected based on inclusion-exclusion criteria by convenience sampling method. Subjects in both groups in one session responded to all items of communication skills questionnaire and Personal report of communication apprehension before and after training. The data were analyzed using software SPSS-20, ANOVA and MANOVA tests. Results: showed the transactional analysis training reduced communication apprehension but increased communication skills in experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that transactional analysis training makes a person familiar with his/her personality system, the relationships with others and improve his/her communication skills. Declaration of Interest: None.

Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavior Training on Modifying Self and Other- Deception among Females with Irrational Beliefs

Introduction: Self-deception and other-deception can be understood as lying to themselves and others. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral intervention on improving self-deception and other-deception in women with irrational beliefs.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with two groups of experimental and control and by implementation of pre- and post-test, and using sample of 30 participants (15 in experimental group and 15 in control group). The sampling method was convenient method among volunteer women eligible to inclusion-exclusion criteria of research object. Measuring tools were Self-deception and other-deception and irrational beliefs questionnaires. Data were analyzed using MANOVA test.Results: Cognitive-behavioral intervention reduced self-deception, other-deception, and irrational beliefs in the experimental group compared with the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to this results study, cognitive-behavioral therapy can be an efficient intervention for the correction of irrational beliefs, self-deception and other-deception.Declaration of Interest: NoneKey words: Cognitive-behavioral intervention, Irrational beliefs, Self-deception, Other-deception

Modifying Alexithymia by Implementing Emotional Regulation Skills among Anxious Students

Objective: The main purpose of this study was modifying anxiety and alexithymia by instructing emotional regulation skills among anxious female students in Tehran. Method: Quasi-experimental design was applied in this study. Convenient sampling method with 50 volunteer female high school students was utilized. Their scores ranged from 26-36 in Beck anxiety questionnaire and eligible to exclude- include criteria were selected and participants were randomly assigned into two experimental, and control group (each group included 25 subjects). Results: Data analysis and applying ANCOVA methods revealed the instructing emotional regulation skills could significantly decrease anxiety, and alexithymia among subjects in experimental in comparison to subjects in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Implementing cognitive and emotional regulation skills such as restructuring of content and process of sabotaging beliefs, modifying negative emotions, using reappraisal, reinterpretation, problem solving, mindfulness techniques, and emotional regulation could reduce anxiety and alexithymia symptoms in anxious students.

A Comparison of Leptin, Body Mass Index and Self-Efficacy Modification Levels after LEARN Program and Cognitive- Behavior Intervention among Obese and Subsequent Overweight Women

Introduction: This research is conducted with the aim of making a comparison of effectiveness of LEARN program and cognitive- behavioral intervention (CBT) on modifying leptin and body mass index levels as well as subsequent eating and exercise self-efficacy among overweight and obese women. Method: after announcement, 30 female volunteers with BMI more than 25 who were eligible for exclude- include criteria of experiment, were chosen and randomly assigned to two experimental groups including multidimensional LEARN and CBT intervention program, two groups of 15 member. After that, all the participants were replied (responded) to of eating and exercise self-efficacy items embedded in the questionnaires they received. Their BMI were calculated. Furthermore, to determine the Leptin levels, subjects’ blood samples were also measured and analyzed.  Results: Analysis of data was carried out using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which is a statistical method, with Frequent measuring revealed that both interventions culminate in a significant decrease in BMI and leptin levels and also an increase in eating and exercise self-efficacy (P<0.05); but, there were no significant differences, between two interventions, in these factors except Leptin (P>0.05). Besides, decrease in leptin levels were more significant in the LEARN group in comparison to those of CBT (P<0.05).  Discussion and Conclusion: Both interventions by receiving positive feedback from health status and subsequent weight loss and improved physical function will lead to an enhancement in physical-bio-psychological components; But, LEARN program intervention due to its concentration on behavioral pathways could leads to more changes in biological components’ levels such as leptin

The efficacy of Music for the mind applying on anxiety sensitivity among females with uterine, ovary, and breast cancer.

Introduction: The chronic and continuous aspect of anxiety can be seen as a source of failure, Uncompromising, and widespread despair that deprives a person from a major part of his or her potential. This research aimed to study the effects of music on mind to reduce the symptoms of anxiety of women with uterine, ovary, and breast cancer.Methods: The statistical Society of this study consisted of all women living in Tehran. Using a semi-experimental pattern and using the available sampling method among female volunteers, 28 women were selected with a standard deviation above the average score of perceived stress based on input-output criteria and randomized in two experimental and control groups (each Group of 14 people) were replaced. Initially, both groups by means of pre-exam were tested, then the music therapy intervention group (based on the music protocol for the mind) received. At the end, both groups responded to the research tool (post-test). Measurement tools in this study was Perceived anxiety control questionnaire (ACQ); Anxiety Sensitivity Index and (ASI-3) perceived stress scale (PSS).Results: In this study, data analysis using the twenty-fourth version of the SPSS software and the use of one-way and multi-way analysis of variance showed that music intervention for the mind to  reduce perceived stress and sensitivity to anxiety and Increased perceptions of anxiety control in people with cancer in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that music intervention for the mind with the aim of reducing sensitivity to anxiety, as well as increasing the perception of anxiety control can have a positive effect on women with breast, uterine and ovarian cancer.Declaration of interest: Non

A Structural Model of Relationship between Posttraumatic Growth and Death Attitudes in People with Cancer with Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility

Background and Aim: Cancer is a fatal disease that can affect various aspects of life, including personal, family and social life, and can destroy a person's performance. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between post-traumatic growth and attitude towards death in people with cancer. Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study includes cancer patients in Tehran in 1401. Among these patients, 120 people were selected as a sample and they were asked to answer the post-traumatic growth questionnaire, death attitude scale and cognitive flexibility questionnaire. Results: The research results showed that the correlation coefficient between death attitude with cognitive flexibility (0.38) and post-traumatic growth (0.27) is significant at 0.01. Also, cognitive flexibility had a mediating role in the relationship between post-traumatic growth and death attitude in people with cancer. Conclusion: Based on this, in the relationship between post-traumatic growth and death attitude in people with cancer, cognitive flexibility had a mediating role. Therefore, post-traumatic growth through increasing the level of cognitive flexibility can help to improve the attitude towards death in people with cancer

Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy and lifestyle modification based on LEARN model on body mass index and psychological well-being of obese women: Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy and lifestyle modification based on LEARN model on body mass index and psychological well-being of obese women

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effect of cognitive therapy and lifestyle modification based on LEARN model on weight loss and quality of life and well-being associated with obesity in overweight and obese women. Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population included all women in Tehran with the age range 21-43 years, and body mass index higher than 25. For this purpose, 45 women volunteers were selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to three groups. Both interventions were held in twelve 90-minute weekly sessions. Subjects in three groups answered the Obesity-Related Well-Being questionnaire before and end of the third and seventh months and their body mass index was also calculated. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and repeated measures analysis of variance test. Results: Both cognitive therapy and lifestyle modification based on LEARN model improved body mass index and obesity-related well-being (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two interventions in modifying the research variables (P>0.05).Conclusion: Cognitive therapy and lifestyle modification based on LEARN model improved reduced body weight by correcting destructive beliefs and unhealthy behaviors of overweight and obese women