Role of Diffusion-Weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) in the Diagnosis of Brain Complications caused by Heroin Substance Abuse

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers higher diagnostic accuracy for brain lesions caused by heroin abuse compared to compute tomography (CT) scan. These lesions have a low signal on T1-weighted (T1W) images and a high signal on T2-weighted (T2W) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. This study aimed to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) in heroin addicts.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 patients with heroin addiction (vapor inhalation/injection) referring to Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad, Iran. Patients in whom heroin abuse was only cause of consciousness, loss and neurological symptoms were enrolled in this study. Demographic data of the patients were recorded, including MRI, FLAIR, T1W and T2W images. In addition, DWI of axial and sagittal sections of the brain was performed in the following sequences.Results: In this study, mean age of patients was 40.15±7.673 years, and 95% of patients were male. The most common mode of heroin use was inhalation, and mean duration of addiction was 5.48±3.393 years. Mean daily intake of heroin was 13.4±15.30 grams, and mean duration of heroin abuse was 10.3 and 4.6 years in patients with and without MRI changes, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between MRI changes and duration of heroin use (r=0.721) (p=0.001). In addition, a significant correlation was observed between MRI changes and daily intake of heroin (p=0.006).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, brain lesions caused by heroin abuse have a low signal on T1W images and a high signal on T2W and FLAIR images. Therefore, it could be concluded that heroin intake has significant effects on the brain of users

1.Mousavi SM, Montazeri A, Mohagheghi MA, Jarrahi AM, Harirchi I, Najafi M, et al. Breast cancer in Iran: an epidemiological review. Breast J 2007 13(4):383-91.

Introduction & Objective: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy among women worldwide. Polymorphisms in Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes (XEMs) and drugs such as P450 (CYP2D6) may increase susceptibility to breast cancer. Little is known about the association of CYP2D6*4 (1894 G to A) polymorphism and susceptibility to breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship of the CYP2D6 *4 gene polymorphism and breast cancer. Materials & Methods: One hundred women with confirmed breast cancer and 100 healthy women were the subject of this study. Subjects were assessed for the gene polymorphism of CYP2D6 *4 by a PCR-RFLP assay at Mashad University of Medical Sciences in 2009. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS using chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results: No correlation was found between CYP2D6*4 gene polymorphism and breast cancer (P=0.299). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that CYP2D6 *4 mutant displays a non-significant increased risk for breast cancer