Primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy with brain metastasis: First reported case

Introduction: Primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy (PMMTI) is a recently diagnosed entity, with only a handful of cases reported to date. Case description: Herein, we present the occurrence of this tumor in a 2-year-old boy, initially diagnosed as primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the extremity and treated with chemotherapy and surgical resection. He later presented with a cerebellar lesion, and biopsy was consistent with PMMTI: Conclusion: While there have been previous cases of PMMTI reported with loco-regional metastatic spread, to our knowledge, there is no known incidence of distant metastasis with involvement of the central nervous system, which makes this case the first of its kind

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aprepitant for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric subjects

Background/purpose: This multicenter, randomized, partially-blinded phase IIb study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of aprepitant in pediatric subjects for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)

Three Interventions That Reduce Childhood Obesity Are Projected To Save More Than They Cost To Implement.

Policymakers seeking to reduce childhood obesity must prioritize investment in treatment and primary prevention. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of seven interventions high on the obesity policy agenda: 1) sugar-sweetened beverage excise tax; 2) elimination of tax subsidy for advertising unhealthy foods to youth; 3) restaurant menu calorie labeling; 4) nutrition standards for school meals; 5) nutrition standards for foods and beverages sold in schools; 6) improved early care and education; 7) increased adolescent bariatric surgery. We used systematic reviews and a microsimulation model of national intervention implementation over the period 2015–2025 to estimate impact on obesity prevalence and cost-effectiveness for reducing body mass index. Three preventive interventions saved more in health care costs than they cost to implement, and prevented from 129,000 to 576,000 cases of childhood obesity. Adolescent bariatric surgery had negligible impact on obesity prevalence. Results highlight the importance of primary prevention for policymakers aiming to reduce childhood obesity

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population