A Corpus Stylistic Analysis of Speech and Thought Presentation in James Joyce’s Dubliners

The present article attempts to analyze the interaction between categories of speech and thought in James Joyce’s Dubliners quantitatively and qualitatively by applying Leech and Short Model (1981/2007). Excerpts of 2000-word length have been randomly selected and manually tagged to have the accurate annotation keeping in mind the contextual potential to recognize discourse categories in Joyce fiction and then corpus software AntConc (Laurence Anthony 2018) was used to get quantitative results. The present study is grounded within three separate but interrelated disciplines: Stylistics, Discourse Analysis, and Narratology. It is difficult to imagine an example of a narrative that does not contain a reference to or a quotation of someone’s speech or thoughts. To a large extent, the way we perceive a story depends upon the ways discourse is presented. This is something hard to demarcate the boundaries between them as the various modes have the potential to slip into one another. Special emphasis is given to variations between the three modes as well as to the instances of ambiguity created by their interplay. The article also compares findings with those described in Semino and Short (2004) for their corpus of 20th-century narrative fiction. Keywords:Corpus Stylistics, speech presentation, thought presentation, Leech and Short Model DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/81-05 Publication date:August 31st 202

Course Contents of English Language Textbooks and their Relevance to Learners’ Culture in an Islamic Context

The study is an attempt at analyzing the cultural authenticity of the course contents of English as a foreign language at International Islamic University Islamabad. This study assumes that these course contents increase cultural barriers for the learners who belong to a different set of cultural values and religious and educational background. It traces the limitation of foreign textbooks writers because of their unawareness of the local culture and the social, educational and religious environment. The study on the one hand questions the suitability of such textbooks for the learners (mostly from religious institutions) and on the other hand gives proposals for the development of English textbooks based on indigenous or Islamic culture. Usually, the evaluation of course contents is descriptive in nature and is done to describe or find out a problem rather than to address it. To bring an improvement in course contents is the basic goal of course evaluation. Although, it would be irrelevant to manipulate a problem statement for this type of research yet ignoring the student factor in writing English text books and selecting these books without doing a prior research into the needs analysis of the learners can be cited as the main problem which inspired the study. This study adopts both a descriptive as well as a prescriptive approach. It analyses the contents to see what is there in the contents and what is required for the learners from a cultural perspective. On the basis of its two fold description the study has given suggestions as to what should be an ideal situation for the selection, adaptation and development of English language textbooks for the learners. The main hypothesis of the study was that there was no cultural relevance between the objectives of the learners for learning English, their social and educational background and the contents of the course book. The inappropriateness of the theories that advocate the inclusion of target language culture in language courses as an essential factor for teaching and learning English in every situation and for all learners is the secondary hypothesis of the study. The study has narrowed down its focus to the cultural relevance of the course contents being taught at the IIUI, the communication gap between the authors and the target learners, and to give suggestions regarding the possibility to include the learners’ culture in English language courses.   The study adopts a first glance evaluation in the light of guidelines provided by pedagogical theorists and deliberately avoids learners’ response method (in which learners responses are measured) because of the   researcher’s own interest in the impressionistic evaluation. The main purpose of the study was to bring the learners in the lime light of focus to make teaching of English more learners’ centered, to create awareness among the teachers, policy makers and course designers to consider learners needs in the process of textbooks selection and development. The study proves that the themes, setting, characters and worldview, presented in the contents of the book represent a foreign and unfamiliar world for the learners. The study suggests that the learners would be more motivated to learn English if language were presented in the context with which the learners could identify themselves. Keywords: language, English, Culture, Textbooks, Learner

Unsustainable harvest of water frogs in southern Turkey for the European market

Frogs have been harvested from the wild for the last 40 years in Turkey. We analysed the population dynamics of Anatolian water frogs (Pelophylax spp.) in the Seyhan and Ceyhan Deltas during 2013–2015. We marked a total of 13,811 individuals during 3 years, estimated population sizes, simulated the dynamics of a harvested population over 50 years, and collated frog harvest and export statistics from the region and for Turkey as a whole. Our capture estimates indicated a population reduction of c. 20% per year, and our population modelling showed that, if overharvesting continues at current rates, the harvested populations will decline rapidly. Simulations with a model of harvested population dynamics resulted in a risk of extinction of > 90% within 50 years, with extinction likely in c. 2032. Our interviews with harvesters revealed their economic dependence on the frog harvest. However, our results also showed that reducing harvest rates would not only ensure the viability of these frog populations but would also provide a source of income that is sustainable in the long term. Our study provides insights into the position of Turkey in the ‘extinction domino’ line, in which harvest pressure shifts among countries as frog populations are depleted and harvest bans are effected. We recommend that harvesting of wild frogs should be banned during the mating season, hunting and exporting of frogs < 30 g should be banned, and harvesters should be trained on species knowledge and awareness of regulations

Exploring Authorial Voice in Verb-Control Citations: An Inter-disciplinary Study of Ph.D. Theses

Verb-Control citations signify purposeful communication between the theses writers and readers. The earlier researches on references or citations used in theses and research articles focused on showing differences in general, lesser data, and partial analysis (Jalilifar, 2012). Furthermore, the research on Verb-Control citations/reporting verbs (Factives, Non-Factives, Counter-Factives) needs to be explored in Pakistan's academic context. This research explores the Ph.D. theses, deliberating over the choice of reporting verbs employed as Verb-Control citations. The study was conducted across Ph.D. dissertations namely, English (Linguistics, Literature), English Language Teaching (ELT), Biological Studies (Bio-Technology, Botany, Zoology), and Social Sciences (Education, Psychology, Political Science) in a non-English academic environment. AntConc was employed to analyze the data. Thompson &Ye's (1991) study, “Evaluation in the reporting verbs used in academic papers”, was used as a theoretical model. Hence, the writers of the Ph.D. theses were found more inclined to use Non-Factives as against other forms of reporting verbs. Besides others, the basic reason behind these variations is the predominance of the verbs related to tests, experimentations along with the words referring to scientific procedures in Biological Sciences

Herpetofauna of the Camili Biosphere Rezerve Area (Borçka, Artvin, Turkey)

In this study, 15 amphibian and reptile species were recorded from 12 different localities in the Camili Biosphere Reserve, known as the first biosphere site of Turkey. Two of these species are Urodelan, four are Anuran, four are Lacertilia and five are Ophidia. Two black coloured specimens belongs to Natrix genus collected from biosphere rezerv area are compered with literature data belongs to N. megalocephala. Moreover, the population and habitat status of threatened species were investigated, required conservation measures were explained

Cyrtopodion (Mediodactylus) kotschyi (STEINDACHNER, 1870) from Civril, Denizli (western Turkey)

WOS: 00029354920001

A new subspecies of Ottoman viper, Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849), (Squamata: Viperidae) from Geyik Mountains, Mediterranean Turkey

A new Ottoman viper subspecies, M. xanthina varoli n. subsp., is described from the higher altitudes of Gundogmus (Antalya). The new subspecies differs from the other M. xanthina populations by pholidosis; higher number of intercanthals and lower number of subcaudalia. Also, the whiteness between windings or spots on dorsum pattern were observed in new subspecies, similar to the southern populations. Furthermore, the spots on the ventrals became denser in the mid-body and forms darker colorization at the end of body of the males and the tail tips are yellowish-orange or light orange on both sexes. © 2020, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecology.The data contained in this study were reached within the scope of a project entitled “The Task of Inventory and Monitoring of the Biological Diversity of the Terrestrial and Inland Water Ecosystems in Antalya Province”, funded by the 6th Regional Directorate of the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs. We would like to thank the establishment concerned and Turunç Peyzaj Inc. Co. for the support to the study. While deciding the description of new subspecies, we inspired by the results of Stümpel et al. (2016)