An anomalous neural interconnection between the Lingual and Mylohyoid Nerves

ABSTRACT The interconnection between the lingual nerve (LN) and the hypoglossal nerve, the LN and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), and the LN and the mylohyoid nerve (MHN) has already been documented in the literature. Despite the fact that variations in the course of the MHN in regard to the mandible are regularly observed, they have yet to be well documented in the anatomical or surgical literature. This anatomical variety necessitates that surgeons and anesthesiologists who routinely perform oro-surgical interventions and nerve blocks in the face for various neuralgias enhance their knowledge and awareness in order to avoid unintended nerve injury. In the present case report, we observed an aberrant neural loop connecting LN and MHN, as well as anatomical insight into an integrated component of MH along with LN in addition to the motor component.Keywords             : Lingual nerve, Mylohyoid nerve, Interconnection, Neural Loop Correspondence    [email protected]

Incidence of types of hypospadias in and around Tumkur district, Karnataka, India: an anatomical classification

Background: Hypospadias is the second most common congenital anomaly in children. It is characterized by the abnormal ventral opening of the urethral meatus. Abnormal urethral opening may be located on the penile shaft, scrotum or perineum respectively. This article mainly deals with the embryology, etiology, anatomy and incidence of different types of hypospadias in Tumakuru rural district.Methods: This study was interdepartmental and prospective, consisting of 80 cases conducted at department of pediatric surgery and Anatomy and the period of study was from April 2013 to March 2017. The hypospadias have been classified into 1) Proximal hypospadias 2) Midshaft hypospadias, 3) Distal Hypospadias according to the location of external urethral opening.Results: Out of the 80 cases, distal hypospadias is the most common incidence followed by midshaft and proximal hypospadias.Conclusions: The condition is repairable in the vast majority of cases, leaving a functional and normal looking penis. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention, hypospadias and chordee repair procedures are highly successful and can avoid the emotional distress

Incidence of types of hypospadias in and around Tumkur district, Karnataka, India: an anatomical classification

Background: Hypospadias is the second most common congenital anomaly in children. It is characterized by the abnormal ventral opening of the urethral meatus. Abnormal urethral opening may be located on the penile shaft, scrotum or perineum respectively. This article mainly deals with the embryology, etiology, anatomy and incidence of different types of hypospadias in Tumakuru rural district.Methods: This study was interdepartmental and prospective, consisting of 80 cases conducted at department of pediatric surgery and Anatomy and the period of study was from April 2013 to March 2017. The hypospadias have been classified into 1) Proximal hypospadias 2) Midshaft hypospadias, 3) Distal Hypospadias according to the location of external urethral opening.Results: Out of the 80 cases, distal hypospadias is the most common incidence followed by midshaft and proximal hypospadias.Conclusions: The condition is repairable in the vast majority of cases, leaving a functional and normal looking penis. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention, hypospadias and chordee repair procedures are highly successful and can avoid the emotional distress

Fractured Tracheostomy Tube - An Unusual Foreign Body in Tracheobronchial Tree

Introduction Approximately 20% of patients with tracheostomy are discharged from hospital with the tracheostomy  tube in situ. Proper long term care and management of such tracheostomy patients remains as a challenge to care givers. Fracture of metallic tracheostomy tube (TT) with aspiration of the fragment into tracheobronchial airway is a rare complication of  tracheostomy. Case Report Here we are presenting a case of a 42-year-old male patient, presented to the emergency department with complaint of mild respiratory distress following aspiration of fractured metallic TT and a novel method in removing the dislodged fragment. Discussion A detailed review of literature has been included to discuss different aspects of aspiration of fractured fragment of tracheostomy tube and best practice recommendations for proper tracheostomy care. Conclusion Educating the care-giver about care of the tracheostomized patient in general and care of the tracheostomy tube in particular, may help reduce accidental complications

A comparison study on the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among school Children

Background: Childhood obesity has become a serious public health problem in many low-and-middle income countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence and assess the factors associated with obesity among school children.Material and Methods:Study Design: This was a school-based, cross-sectional, questionnaire based study carried out over a period of three months, from July 2019 to February 2020. We adopted a multistage stratified random sampling procedure. Six schools were selected by a simple random technique.Selection of subjects: (inclusion and exclusion of students) The subjects were children, 6 to 15 years of age. Children with history of chronic diseases like Tuberculosis, asthma, diabetes were not included.Anthropometric measurements: Trained investigators weighed all of children without shoes and heavy clothing, using an electronic weighing scale with an error of ±100 g. Result:The average Body Mass Index (BMI) for boys was 17.9 and that of girls was 18.32.In male category, 67 (38%) were underweight, 71 (40.3%) were healthy weight and 38 (21.5%) were Overweight + Obese. In female category, 36 (29 %) were underweight, 57 (45.9%) were healthy weight and 31 (25%) were Overweight + Obese.It has been found that, more no. of subjects and more than 2 hours watching T.V are from overweight+obese group whereas less than 1 hours watching T.V belonged to underweight and healthy weight were less numbers. It has been found that, more no. of subjects doing physical exercise are from healthy weight group whereas less no. of subjects doing physical exercise belonged to underweight and overweight + obese. Thus physical exercise helps in maintaining healthy weight and prevents obesity and underweight.Conclusion:We found a high prevalence of overweight and obese children in our study. Since obesity in adulthood has its onset in childhood, it is important to have effective implementation of school health activities to reduce and curb the burden of childhood obesity