14 research outputs found
Heat shock protein90 in lobular neoplasia of the breast
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) overexpression has been implicated in breast carcinogenesis, with putative prognostic and therapeutic implications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Hsp90 and to examine whether Hsp90 expression is associated with estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) and beta (ER-beta) immunostaining in lobular neoplasia (LN) of the breast.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Tissue specimens were taken from 44 patients with LN. Immunohistochemical assessment of Hsp90, ER-alpha and ER-beta was performed both in the lesion and the adjacent normal breast ducts and lobules; the latter serving as control. As far as Hsp90 evaluation is concerned: i) the percentage of positive cells, and ii) the intensity was separately analyzed. Additionally, the Allred score was adopted and calculated. Accordingly, Allred score was separately evaluated for ER-alpha and ER-beta. The intensity was treated as an ordinal variable-score (0: negative, low: 1, moderate: 2, high: 3). Statistical analysis followed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Hsp90 immunoreactivity was mainly cytoplasmic in both the epithelial cells of normal breast (ducts and lobules) and LN. Some epithelial cells of LN also showed nuclear staining, but all the LN foci mainly disclosed a positive cytoplasmic immunoreaction for Hsp90. In addition, rare intralobular inflammatory cells showed a slight immunoreaction. The percentage of Hsp90 positive cells in the LN areas was equal to 67.1 ± 12.2%, whereas the respective percentage in the normal adjacent breast tissue was 69.1 ± 11.6%; the difference was not statistically significant. The intensity score of Hsp90 staining was 1.82 ± 0.72 in LN foci, while in the normal adjacent tissue the intensity score was 2.14 ± 0.64. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.029, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test). The Hsp90 Allred score was 6.46 ± 1.14 in the LN foci, significantly lower than in the normal adjacent tissue (6.91 ± 0.92, p = 0.049, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test). Within the LN foci, the Hsp90 Allred score was neither associated with ER-alpha, nor with ER-beta percentage.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Hsp90 was lower in LN foci both at the level of intensity and Allred score, a finding contrary to what might have been expected, given that high Hsp90 expression is detected in invasive breast carcinomas. Hsp90 deregulation does not seem to be a major event in LN pathogenesis.</p
Decreased Hsp90 expression in infiltrative lobular carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study
Background: Elevated Hsp90 expression has been documented in breast ductal carcinomas, whereas decreased Hsp90 expression has been reported in precursor lobular lesions. This study aims to assess Hsp90 expression in infiltrative lobular carcinomas of the breast. Methods: Tissue specimens were taken from 32 patients with infiltrative lobular carcinoma. Immunohistochemical assessment of Hsp90 was performed both in the lesion and the adjacent normal breast ducts and lobules; the latter serving as control. Concerning Hsp90 assessment: i) the percentage of positive cells and ii) the intensity were separately analyzed. Subsequently, the Allred score was adopted and calculated. The intensity was treated as a
Intraluminal rectal cancer metastasis to the small bowel: An extremely rare case report
Prolonged survival in patients suffering from colorectal cancer (CRC)
may lead to the emergence of rare metastatic sites that are not
well-documented in the literature. We herein describe a very rare case
of an intraluminal small intestinal metastasis in a patient with
previously resected CRC. A 71-year-old Caucasian male patient with a
history of rectosigmoid junction cancer was initially treated with
anterior resection. The tumor was classified as pT3pN0 (0/26) M0, stage
II. Eighteen months after the primary surgery, local recurrence was
detected in the presacral region, and the patient received combined
image-guided radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Two months later, due to
residual disease at the level of the anastomosis, the patient underwent
additional low anterior resection with a diverting stoma. During
extensive adhesiolysis, a small palpable intraluminal mass was
identified in the jejunum, and segmental small bowel resection was
performed. Pathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed
that the lesion was a metastasis from the CRC primary. The precise
mechanism and clinical significance of CRC metastasis to the small bowel
remain unclear. There is limited clinical experience with this
condition, as <20 cases have been reported in the literature to date.
The main symptoms leading to evaluation, diagnosis and surgical
resection are bowel obstruction and bleeding. The present case
highlights the possibility of uncomplicated presence of metastatic CRC
in the small bowel. Therefore, dilligent inspection of the peritoneal
cavity, including the entire length of the gastrointestinal canal, is of
paramount importance, particularly in cases of recurrent CRC
Synchronous Bilateral Testicular Tumors with Different Histopathology.
A 40-year-old male presented to our outpatient department with the chief complaint of a painless mass on his right testis with gradual size increase over the past two months. Physical examination and ultrasound revealed a firm and nontender mass both on the right and on the left testis. The only elevated biomarker was b-hcG (24,7 mIU/mL) and computer tomography (CT) did not reveal any pathology. Bilateral high orchiectomies were performed, without previous frozen storage of the sperm. Histology proved typical seminoma of the left testis and embryonal carcinoma of the right testis. He received two cycles of adjuvant combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. Six months after the operation no residual tumor or recurrence was observed
Pain during vacuum-assisted breast biopsy: Are there any predictors?
Introduction: To assess the putative predictors that may be implicated
in the pain experienced during stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast
biopsy (VABB).
Materials and methods: One hundred and thirty-five consecutive women
with microcalcifications underwent VABB on the Fischer’s table. The
visual analogue scale was used to measure the degree of the “average
pain” (AP).
Results: At the univariable analysis, the AP was positively associated
with the duration of the procedure, the diagnosis of
malignant/preinvasive lesions and the volume of blood lost. Although
menopausal status was not associated with the AP, within the
premenopausal subpopulation, luteal phase was associated with higher VAS
score. These findings also persisted at the multivariable ordinal
logistic regression model. However, the mean experienced pain was
associated neither with the Volume of tissue excised nor with the
hematoma formation, nor with patients’ age.
Conclusion: The aforementioned factors were independent positive
predictors of the mean experienced pain during VABB. (C) 2008 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved