The protective role of N-Acetyl Cysteine and vitamin C against atrazine-Induced Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in N27 Cells

Background: Atrazine (ATZ)has been associated with its capability to interact and damage DNA in neuronal cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of ATZ are not fully understood. In vitro and In vivo studies indicated that atrazine induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human and animals. This study sought to determine the role of two antioxidants against the toxic impact of atrazine. Main Methods: N27 cell line pretreated to N-acetyl Cysteine NAC or Ascorbic acid AA alone or in combination before 24h atrazine exposure. Multiple intercellular antioxidant parameters measured such as (GSH, GSSG, MDA). Genotoxicity represented by single gel electrophoreses assay (comet assay). Results: the outcomes of this work demonstrated that higher protection against atrazine exposure at combination of NAC and AA comparing to the single exposure to each. The antioxidant acted in synergistic way to rescue cells from reactive oxygen species generated from atrazine exposure. DNA breaking or damage also prepared in better way in combination exposure comparing to the single exposure. Conclusion: the evidence of atrazine increase the oxidative damage have been approved by enhancing defense system to increase cell availability and DNA repair. While antioxidant (NAC&AA) prevent oxidative damage that causes by atrazine via increase cell viabilities and DNA fix

The protective role of N-Acetyl Cysteine and vitamin C against atrazine-Induced Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in N27 Cells

Background: Atrazine (ATZ)has been associated with its capability to interact and damage DNA in neuronal cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of ATZ are not fully understood. In vitro and In vivo studies indicated that atrazine induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human and animals. This study sought to determine the role of two antioxidants against the toxic impact of atrazine. Main Methods: N27 cell line pretreated to N-acetyl Cysteine NAC or Ascorbic acid AA alone or in combination before 24h atrazine exposure. Multiple intercellular antioxidant parameters measured such as (GSH, GSSG, MDA). Genotoxicity represented by single gel electrophoreses assay (comet assay). Results: the outcomes of this work demonstrated that higher protection against atrazine exposure at combination of NAC and AA comparing to the single exposure to each. The antioxidant acted in synergistic way to rescue cells from reactive oxygen species generated from atrazine exposure. DNA breaking or damage also prepared in better way in combination exposure comparing to the single exposure. Conclusion: the evidence of atrazine increase the oxidative damage have been approved by enhancing defense system to increase cell availability and DNA repair. While antioxidant (NAC&AA) prevent oxidative damage that causes by atrazine via increase cell viabilities and DNA fix

Geochemical Evaluation of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr, Fe, and Mn) in Sediment of Shatt Al-Basrah, Iraq

In this study, the sediment of Shatt Al-Basrah canal, was evaluated to illustrate the distribution of 4 heavy metals Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn in sediments collected from 5 sites. The assessment of heavy metals was conducted using three indices; the geoaccumulation index (I-geo), the enrichment factor (E.F.) and Pollution Index (PI). According to I-geo, the sediments collected from all sampling locations were unpolluted by Cd, Cr and Fe, where their values are less than 0 (<0), except Mn ranged between 0.98 to 1.37, the Igeo values for Mn show that sediments of Shatt Al-Basrah are unpolluted to moderately polluted for all sampling locations. Based on The enrichment factor, the sediment of Shatt Al-Basrah canal are classified as followed; significant enrichment for Cd, moderate enrichment to significant enrichment for Cr and deficiency to minimal enrichment for Mn. PI, which is based on individual metal Concentrations, shows that all sampling sites have no pollution effect for Cd, Cr and Mn, except Fe, which cause Slightly pollution affect in all site

Removal of some heavy metals from wastewater using planiliza abu 65 gm waste remains

Wastewater samples were collected from the sewage treatment plant in the Azdinawiya City, south of Nasiriyah district, and fish samples were collected from the Euphrates River in Suq Al-Shuyoukh district, where three types of fish were collected, each with two different weights Planiliza abu 65 gm, heavy metals were measured directly after sampling (Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb) by automatic instrument. A powder was made of fish scales and bones. The scales and bones were ground after cleaning. The scales were filtered by three types of sieves ( 250µm, 1mm and 2.36 mm). The chemical elements were measured by a scanning electron microscope before and after adsorption. The scales and bones adsorbed the following chemical elements from the wastewater. The ability of fish scales and bones powder to adsorption of trace elements from sewage water was tested, where 50 gm of fish scales and bones powder was placed in a burette and its adsorption capacity was tested in five times (zero time, 12 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours). The current study&nbsp; was showed that fish scales have more ability to adsorb trace elements in wastewater from the bones

Application of the Water Quality and Water Pollution Indexes for Assessing Changes in Water Quality of the Tigris River in the South Part of Iraq

Water quality indexes (WQI) were applied in the Tigris River using thirteen water quality parameters (pH, chlorides, sulfate, nitrate, salts, BOD5, iron, boron, zinc, lead, cadmium, copper, and chromium) in this study. They were calculated for the six years from 2008 to 2013, then compared with sets of standard values of rivers maintaining system. The results indicated that the water quality of the Tigris River for CCME-WQI was generally "Fair" to "Good" in 2008, 2009, and 2010 (CCME WQI range: 69.67 - 88.46) for all sites. CCME WQI values fell from "Marginal" to "Fair" in all sites over the last two years (2012 and 2013). WPI was " pure" to " Moderately polluted " from 2008-2011 (WPI range: 0.6-1.08) for all sites. Whereas, WPI values dropped to ranging from " Moderately polluted " to "polluted" (WPI range: 1.1-2.3) in all sites at 2012 and 2013. The effect of various human activities and dryness were evident on some parameters such as the heavy metals, Sulfate, Chlorides, Salts and Nitrate. Where their concentrations exceeded the permissible limits of the rivers maintaining system in most of the sites, and thus were the reason for the decline in the values of the indices. So, the monitoring of the Tigris River is important for proper management and for preserving this important water source