Amputação do reto convencional x laparoscópica no tratamento do câncer do reto distal após quimioirradiação neoadjuvante: resultados de estudo prospectivo e randomizado

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection compared to conventional approach for surgical treatment of patients with distal rectal cancer presenting with incomplete response after chemoradiation. METHOD: Twenty eight patients with distal rectal adenocarcinoma were randomized to undergo surgical treatment by laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection or conventional approach and evaluated prospectively. Thirteen underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection and 15 conventional approach. RESULTS: There was no significant difference (pOBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados de eficácia e segurança do emprego da operação de amputação do reto por via laparoscópica e por via convencional no tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com câncer do reto distal que apresentaram resposta incompleta a quimioirradiação pré-operatória. MÉTODO: Vinte e oito pacientes com adenocarcinoma de reto distal foram randomizados para se submeter à amputação do reto por via laparoscópica ou à amputação do reto por via convencional. Treze pacientes submeteram-se à amputação do reto por via laparoscópica e 15 à amputação do reto por via convencional. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa (

Rectal and Pouch Recurrences After Surgical Treatment for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a genetic disease characterized by multiple adenomatous colorectal polyps and different extracolonic manifestations (ECM). The present work is aimed to analyze the outcome after surgical treatment regarding complications and cancer recurrence. Charts from patients treated between 1977 and 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and endoscopic data, results of treatment, pathological reports and information about recurrence were collected. Eighty-eight patients (41 men [46.6%] and 47 women [53.4%]) were assisted. At diagnosis, associated colorectal cancer (CRC) was detected in 53 patients (60.2%), whose average age was higher than those without CRC (40.0 vs. 29.5 years). At colonoscopy, polyposis was classified as attenuated in 12 patients (14.3%). Surgical treatment consisted in total proctocolectomy with ileostomy (PCI, 15 [17.4%]), restorative proctocolectomy (RPC, 27 [31.4%]), total colectomy with ileal-rectum anastomosis (IRA, 42 [48.8%]), palliative segmental resection (1 [1.2%]) and internal bypass (1 [1.2%]). Two patients were not operated on due to religious reasons and advanced disease. Complications occurred in 25 patients (29.0%), more commonly after RPC (48.1%). There was no operative mortality. Local or distant metastases were detected in six (11.3%) patients with CRC treated to cure. During the follow-up of 36 IRA, cancer developed in the rectal cuff in six patients (16.6%), whose average age was higher than in patients without rectal recurrence (45.8 vs. 36.6 years). Five of them have had colonic cancer in the resected specimen. Among the 26 patients followed after RPC, cancer in the ileal pouch developed in 1 (3.8%). (1) Within the present series, FAP patients presented a high incidence of associated CRC and diagnosis was generally established after the third decade of life; (2) operative complications occurred in about one third of the patients, being more frequent after the confection of an ileal reservoir; (3) rectal cancer after IRA was detected in 16.6% of patients and it was associated with greater age and previous colonic carcinoma; (4) both continuous and long-term surveillance of the rectal stump and ileal pouch are necessary during follow-up

A videolaparoscopia no diagnóstico e tratamento da obstrução intestinal Laparoscopic disgnosis and treatment of intestinal obstruction

A obstrução intestinal constitui complicação freqüente, de etiologia multifatorial, apresentação clínica variável e alta morbidade. Uma vez esgotados os recursos conservadores em casos específicos, a laparotomia exploradora é empregada para o diagnóstico final e tratamento em grande número de pacientes. Apesar do sucesso da via laparoscópica no manuseio de diversas afecções, a utilização desta via na abordagem inicial da obstrução do intestino delgado tem sido bastante limitada e alvo de numerosas críticas. Entretanto, o acúmulo de experiência com o método nos últimos anos, aliado ao avanço tecnológico e instrumental, têm permitido tratar número cada vez maior de pacientes obstruídos por meio do acesso laparoscópico. Assim, o surgimento de novos instrumentos como grampeadores laparoscópicos, pinças e trocáteres menos traumáticos ajudaram a tornar a videolaparoscopia factível e segura nestes pacientes. Neste artigo, os autores apresentam uma revisão sobre o papel da vídeo-cirurgia em casos selecionados de obstrução intestinal, ressaltando a contribuição dos métodos minimamente invasivos para o arsenal diagnóstico e terapêutico desta importante complicação.<br>Bowel obstruction is a frequent complication that exhibits variable clinical presentation and high morbidity. After conservative measures, laparotomy is performed for final diagnosis and treatment in a large number of patients. Besides the benefits of the laparoscopic approach in the management of many diseases, its use during the initial evaluation of bowel obstruction has been limited and has raised some criticism. However, experience with method and technological-instrumental advances in recent years has facilitated the treatment of a greater number of patients with obstruction. Thus, the development of new instruments such as laparoscopic staplers, less traumatic clamps and trocars had an important role in the feasibility and safety of the laparoscopic approach in this setting. In this article, the authors present a revision about the use of video-surgery in selected cases of intestinal obstruction, standing out the contribution of minimally invasive methods for the diagnosis and therapeutics of this important complication

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data