Fire Vulnerability Assessment using Multicriteria Analysis in Makassar City

The safety aspect, especially the fire disaster, is essential for Makassar City because of its role as a metropolitan city and a center of activity in the Eastern Indonesia Region. The dense population and activities make Makassar City vulnerable to fires. A vulnerability assessment can assist in urban disaster management, especially in highlighting areas of fire disaster mitigation.Based on this urgency, this study aims to identify fire-prone areas in Makassar City. This study examines the fire vulnerability of Makassar City from population density, building density, frequency of previous fire events, fire fires, distance to the availability of clean water, and dangerous buildings. Fire susceptibility criteria are based on stakeholder assessments involving disaster experts, city planners, and firefighters through the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Spatial assessment using multi-criteria analysis through the Simple Additive Weighting method, which is integrated with the Geographic Information System to allow spatial weighting. The study results show that the western and northern parts of Makassar City are very prone to fires. This area is an early development area for Makassar City, characterized by a dense population and buildings with various activities

10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimation Based on Lipid Profile-Based and BMI-Based Framingham Risk Scores across Multiple Sociodemographic Characteristics: The Malaysian Cohort Project

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) leads to high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. Therefore, it is important to determine the risk of CVD across the sociodemographic factors to strategize preventive measures. The current study consisted of 53,122 adults between the ages of 35 and 65 years from The Malaysian Cohort project during recruitment phase from year 2006 to year 2012. Sociodemographic profile and physical activity level were assessed via self-reported questionnaire, whereas relevant CVD-related biomarkers and biophysical variables were measured to determine the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The main outcome was the 10-year risk of CVD via FRS calculated based on lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) associated formulae. The BMI-based formula yielded a higher estimation of 10-year CVD risk than the lipid profile-based formula in the study for both males (median = 13.2% and 12.7%, respectively) and females (median = 4.3% and 4.2%, respectively). The subgroup with the highest risk for 10-year CVD events (based on both FRS formulae) was the Malay males who have lower education level and low physical activity level. Future strategies for the reduction of CVD risk should focus on screening via BMI-based FRS in this at-risk subpopulation to increase the cost-effectiveness of the prevention initiatives