Temporal patterns in artificial reaction networks.

The Artificial Reaction Network (ARN) is a bio-inspired connectionist paradigm based on the emerging field of Cellular Intelligence. It has properties in common with both AI and Systems Biology techniques including Artificial Neural Networks, Petri Nets, and S-Systems. This paper discusses the temporal aspects of the ARN model using robotic gaits as an example and compares it with properties of Artificial Neural Networks. The comparison shows that the ARN based network has similar functionality

Syndromics: A Bioinformatics Approach for Neurotrauma Research

Substantial scientific progress has been made in the past 50 years in delineating many of the biological mechanisms involved in the primary and secondary injuries following trauma to the spinal cord and brain. These advances have highlighted numerous potential therapeutic approaches that may help restore function after injury. Despite these advances, bench-to-bedside translation has remained elusive. Translational testing of novel therapies requires standardized measures of function for comparison across different laboratories, paradigms, and species. Although numerous functional assessments have been developed in animal models, it remains unclear how to best integrate this information to describe the complete translational “syndrome” produced by neurotrauma. The present paper describes a multivariate statistical framework for integrating diverse neurotrauma data and reviews the few papers to date that have taken an information-intensive approach for basic neurotrauma research. We argue that these papers can be described as the seminal works of a new field that we call “syndromics”, which aim to apply informatics tools to disease models to characterize the full set of mechanistic inter-relationships from multi-scale data. In the future, centralized databases of raw neurotrauma data will enable better syndromic approaches and aid future translational research, leading to more efficient testing regimens and more clinically relevant findings

Intensity of water erosion in the spring catchment of the Łyna river

Wstępne wyniki badań źródliska Łyny wskazują na proces intensywnego odprowadzania substancji mineralnej w postaci stałej – jako składowej erozji wodnej zachodzącej w krajobrazie młodoglacjalnym na styku wód podziemnych i powierzchniowych. Pomiary polowe eksportu substancji mineralnej w formie rumowiska wleczonego wykazały, iż sumarycznie w roku erozyjnie ze zlewni odprowadzane jest w przybliżeniu 840 kg materiału (okres badań lata 2008-2009). Oznacza to średnio ubytek masy rzędu 580 kg z 1 km2 powierzchni jednostkowej zlewni rocznie. Woda źródlana pełni bardzo ważną rolę w odprowadzaniu substancji nierozpuszczonej ze zlewni topograficznej. Erozja wodna – sterując intensywnością transportu rumowiska, stymuluje w źródlisku Łyny proces odgrzebywania lokalnej rynny polodowcowej.The spring area of the Łyna river is a geological reserve, where naturally occurring retrogressive erosion is protected. Intensity of removal of solid and dissolved mineral material from the spring area of the river is the study aim. The study area is exceptional for Polish lowlands due to its complexity, as it includes 9 spring niches and 4 effluents. Geological setting plays here a decisive role, because all springs are situated in a head of a deep, buried tunnel valley which is developed in older sediments. The tunnel valley is filled with sands and gravels deposited during the last phase of the Vistulian glaciation. Removal of solid and dissolved material by retrogressive erosion leads to enlargement of the spring area and to uncovering of the buried tunnel valley. Intensive increase of the flow rate occurs downstream as tributary streams join the main river. Data from 3 gouge profiles covering 850 m downstream are as follows; 8,5; 22,8 and 48,8 dm3/s on average (based on a period 2004-2010). Intensity of the dragged material increases from 0,01 up to 0,08 g/s (measured in 2007-2008), 0,027 g/s on average. Mineralization of river water ranges between 150 and 234 mg/dm3 (178 mg/dm3 on average). It is assessed that the dissolved material removed from the area equals to 630 kg per day (230 tons per annum). On the other hand, the solid dragged material equals to 2,3 kg per day (0,84 tons per annum) for 34,8 dm3/s discharge measured at the lowermost gouge profile and for average mineralization of spring waters. Springs of the Łyna river have a high and stabilized outflow leading to the dynamic removal of mineral material. Removal of the dissolved material by the spring waters represents denudational potential of the regional aquifers which feed the springs. On the other hand, removal of the dragged material represents only erosion occurring within the uppermost part of the topographic catchment adjacent to the spring area which supplies the river channel with the solid material

Conditions of appearance and hydrological characteristic of sources in the upper Radomka river basin

Springs - natural concentrated, self-acting outflows of subsurface water onto ground level are of interest of local populations for ages, making often the main source of farms water supply. The recognition of location and characteristics of spring's hydrological regime is often very unequal and the hest evidence exists for mountain and upland areas. The Świętokrzyski region, where drainage basin of Radomka river is placed was examined hy Czarnecka (1973, 1975). It's the Poland's northmost upland area, where krenological examinations weren't conducted. Only in middle 90's works on detailed 1 :50 000 scale geological map of this region have been finished. The following note completes examinations done with Master thesis (Kuc 1999)

Suffosion as the process of sediment structure transformation by filtration

Paper presents genetical analysis of suffosion processes in the light of recent research directions. The three main issues addressed here are (1) historical frame, (2) research directions and (3) contemporary state of knowledge. Suffosion process (mechanical and chemical) was analyzed, as considered consequence of the porous structure change by filtration processes. A recent approach for description and examples for modeling suffosion were also included. The boundary between morphogenetic and structure transformation processes was examined, and the overview on terminology of deformation and filtration processes in earth sciences was proposed

The impact of loess transformation on its filtration characteristics

Przeanalizowano cechy ilościowe i przeprowadzono analizę stopnia uporządkowania przestrzeni porowej (wymiar fraktalny) lessów świeżych oraz przekształconych filtracyjnie. Wykazano powiązanie między słabą wodoprzepuszczalnością lessu świeżego, a procesem formowania retencji powierzchniowej w wymoku i wynikające z tego konsekwencje dla cech mikrostrukturalnych lessu. Wskazano wymoki, jako strefy preferencyjnej filtracji na obszarach lessowych.The quantitative characteristics have been analysed and the analysis of the degree of the pore space structure (fractal dimension) of natural and transformed loesses has been conducted. The relation between poor water permeability and retention in closed depressions has been prooved and thus the consequences of that for microstructural characteristics of loess has been revealed. Closed depression has been identified as the areas of preferential filtration in loess areas

Extremes of groundwater level fl uctuation

The fluctuation of groundwater level in the period 1960-2000 for 49 measurement stations located in 19 catchements has been analysed. It was observed that extremes were achieved asynchronously in the period studied. Regional co-variability as regards the frequency of occurrence and the duration of extremes, as well as their multi-annual changes during the period studied has been found, in the following types of catchements: mountain, lowland and Mazurian Lakeland, coastal rivers (Pomeranian Lakeland) and, separately, aquifer horizons related to lake systems. No statistically significant tendencies in the changes of high and low levels of groundwater have been observed. The relationship of groundwater extremes to those of surface water is best defined in the upper segments of the mountain valleys. A statistically significant consistency of direction of groundwater and surface water level movements has been observed in the river valleys of lakeland catchements: the delay is at least one week. The fluctuation of extremes in the multi-annual period is periodic; it is consistent with the occurrence of periods of intense precipitation or its deficit