29 research outputs found

    Table_4_Impaired macrophage and memory T-cell responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin nonpolar lipid extract.docx

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    IntroductionThe attenuation of BCG has led to the loss of not only immunogenic proteins but also lipid antigens.MethodsThus, we compared the macrophage and T-cell responses to nonpolar lipid extracts harvested from BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to better understand the role of BCG lipids in the already known diminished responses of the vaccine strain.ResultsRelative to Mtb, nonpolar lipid extract from BCG presented a reduced capacity to trigger the expression of the genes encoding TNF, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-10 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Immunophenotyping of PBMCs isolated from healthy individuals revealed that lipids from both BCG and Mtb were able to induce an increased frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but only the lipid extract from Mtb enhanced the frequency of CD4-CD8-double-negative, γσ+, CD4+HLA-DR+, and γσ+HLA-DR+ T cells relative to the nonstimulated control. Interestingly, only the Mtb lipid extract was able to increase the frequency of CD4+ memory (CD45RO+) T cells, whereas the BCG lipid extract induced a diminished frequency of CD4+ central memory (CD45RO+CCR7-) T cells after 48 h of culture compared to Mtb.DiscussionThese findings show that the nonpolar lipids of the BCG bacilli presented diminished ability to trigger both proinflammatory and memory responses and suggest a potential use of Mtb lipids as adjuvants to increase the BCG vaccine efficacy.</p

    Table_5_Impaired macrophage and memory T-cell responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin nonpolar lipid extract.docx

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    IntroductionThe attenuation of BCG has led to the loss of not only immunogenic proteins but also lipid antigens.MethodsThus, we compared the macrophage and T-cell responses to nonpolar lipid extracts harvested from BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to better understand the role of BCG lipids in the already known diminished responses of the vaccine strain.ResultsRelative to Mtb, nonpolar lipid extract from BCG presented a reduced capacity to trigger the expression of the genes encoding TNF, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-10 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Immunophenotyping of PBMCs isolated from healthy individuals revealed that lipids from both BCG and Mtb were able to induce an increased frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but only the lipid extract from Mtb enhanced the frequency of CD4-CD8-double-negative, γσ+, CD4+HLA-DR+, and γσ+HLA-DR+ T cells relative to the nonstimulated control. Interestingly, only the Mtb lipid extract was able to increase the frequency of CD4+ memory (CD45RO+) T cells, whereas the BCG lipid extract induced a diminished frequency of CD4+ central memory (CD45RO+CCR7-) T cells after 48 h of culture compared to Mtb.DiscussionThese findings show that the nonpolar lipids of the BCG bacilli presented diminished ability to trigger both proinflammatory and memory responses and suggest a potential use of Mtb lipids as adjuvants to increase the BCG vaccine efficacy.</p

    Table_3_Impaired macrophage and memory T-cell responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin nonpolar lipid extract.docx

    No full text
    IntroductionThe attenuation of BCG has led to the loss of not only immunogenic proteins but also lipid antigens.MethodsThus, we compared the macrophage and T-cell responses to nonpolar lipid extracts harvested from BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to better understand the role of BCG lipids in the already known diminished responses of the vaccine strain.ResultsRelative to Mtb, nonpolar lipid extract from BCG presented a reduced capacity to trigger the expression of the genes encoding TNF, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-10 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Immunophenotyping of PBMCs isolated from healthy individuals revealed that lipids from both BCG and Mtb were able to induce an increased frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but only the lipid extract from Mtb enhanced the frequency of CD4-CD8-double-negative, γσ+, CD4+HLA-DR+, and γσ+HLA-DR+ T cells relative to the nonstimulated control. Interestingly, only the Mtb lipid extract was able to increase the frequency of CD4+ memory (CD45RO+) T cells, whereas the BCG lipid extract induced a diminished frequency of CD4+ central memory (CD45RO+CCR7-) T cells after 48 h of culture compared to Mtb.DiscussionThese findings show that the nonpolar lipids of the BCG bacilli presented diminished ability to trigger both proinflammatory and memory responses and suggest a potential use of Mtb lipids as adjuvants to increase the BCG vaccine efficacy.</p

    Image_1_Impaired macrophage and memory T-cell responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin nonpolar lipid extract.tif

    No full text
    IntroductionThe attenuation of BCG has led to the loss of not only immunogenic proteins but also lipid antigens.MethodsThus, we compared the macrophage and T-cell responses to nonpolar lipid extracts harvested from BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to better understand the role of BCG lipids in the already known diminished responses of the vaccine strain.ResultsRelative to Mtb, nonpolar lipid extract from BCG presented a reduced capacity to trigger the expression of the genes encoding TNF, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-10 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Immunophenotyping of PBMCs isolated from healthy individuals revealed that lipids from both BCG and Mtb were able to induce an increased frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but only the lipid extract from Mtb enhanced the frequency of CD4-CD8-double-negative, γσ+, CD4+HLA-DR+, and γσ+HLA-DR+ T cells relative to the nonstimulated control. Interestingly, only the Mtb lipid extract was able to increase the frequency of CD4+ memory (CD45RO+) T cells, whereas the BCG lipid extract induced a diminished frequency of CD4+ central memory (CD45RO+CCR7-) T cells after 48 h of culture compared to Mtb.DiscussionThese findings show that the nonpolar lipids of the BCG bacilli presented diminished ability to trigger both proinflammatory and memory responses and suggest a potential use of Mtb lipids as adjuvants to increase the BCG vaccine efficacy.</p

    Table_1_Impaired macrophage and memory T-cell responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin nonpolar lipid extract.docx

    No full text
    IntroductionThe attenuation of BCG has led to the loss of not only immunogenic proteins but also lipid antigens.MethodsThus, we compared the macrophage and T-cell responses to nonpolar lipid extracts harvested from BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to better understand the role of BCG lipids in the already known diminished responses of the vaccine strain.ResultsRelative to Mtb, nonpolar lipid extract from BCG presented a reduced capacity to trigger the expression of the genes encoding TNF, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-10 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Immunophenotyping of PBMCs isolated from healthy individuals revealed that lipids from both BCG and Mtb were able to induce an increased frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but only the lipid extract from Mtb enhanced the frequency of CD4-CD8-double-negative, γσ+, CD4+HLA-DR+, and γσ+HLA-DR+ T cells relative to the nonstimulated control. Interestingly, only the Mtb lipid extract was able to increase the frequency of CD4+ memory (CD45RO+) T cells, whereas the BCG lipid extract induced a diminished frequency of CD4+ central memory (CD45RO+CCR7-) T cells after 48 h of culture compared to Mtb.DiscussionThese findings show that the nonpolar lipids of the BCG bacilli presented diminished ability to trigger both proinflammatory and memory responses and suggest a potential use of Mtb lipids as adjuvants to increase the BCG vaccine efficacy.</p

    Table_2_Impaired macrophage and memory T-cell responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin nonpolar lipid extract.docx

    No full text
    IntroductionThe attenuation of BCG has led to the loss of not only immunogenic proteins but also lipid antigens.MethodsThus, we compared the macrophage and T-cell responses to nonpolar lipid extracts harvested from BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to better understand the role of BCG lipids in the already known diminished responses of the vaccine strain.ResultsRelative to Mtb, nonpolar lipid extract from BCG presented a reduced capacity to trigger the expression of the genes encoding TNF, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-10 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Immunophenotyping of PBMCs isolated from healthy individuals revealed that lipids from both BCG and Mtb were able to induce an increased frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but only the lipid extract from Mtb enhanced the frequency of CD4-CD8-double-negative, γσ+, CD4+HLA-DR+, and γσ+HLA-DR+ T cells relative to the nonstimulated control. Interestingly, only the Mtb lipid extract was able to increase the frequency of CD4+ memory (CD45RO+) T cells, whereas the BCG lipid extract induced a diminished frequency of CD4+ central memory (CD45RO+CCR7-) T cells after 48 h of culture compared to Mtb.DiscussionThese findings show that the nonpolar lipids of the BCG bacilli presented diminished ability to trigger both proinflammatory and memory responses and suggest a potential use of Mtb lipids as adjuvants to increase the BCG vaccine efficacy.</p

    Table_6_Impaired macrophage and memory T-cell responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin nonpolar lipid extract.docx

    No full text
    IntroductionThe attenuation of BCG has led to the loss of not only immunogenic proteins but also lipid antigens.MethodsThus, we compared the macrophage and T-cell responses to nonpolar lipid extracts harvested from BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to better understand the role of BCG lipids in the already known diminished responses of the vaccine strain.ResultsRelative to Mtb, nonpolar lipid extract from BCG presented a reduced capacity to trigger the expression of the genes encoding TNF, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-10 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Immunophenotyping of PBMCs isolated from healthy individuals revealed that lipids from both BCG and Mtb were able to induce an increased frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but only the lipid extract from Mtb enhanced the frequency of CD4-CD8-double-negative, γσ+, CD4+HLA-DR+, and γσ+HLA-DR+ T cells relative to the nonstimulated control. Interestingly, only the Mtb lipid extract was able to increase the frequency of CD4+ memory (CD45RO+) T cells, whereas the BCG lipid extract induced a diminished frequency of CD4+ central memory (CD45RO+CCR7-) T cells after 48 h of culture compared to Mtb.DiscussionThese findings show that the nonpolar lipids of the BCG bacilli presented diminished ability to trigger both proinflammatory and memory responses and suggest a potential use of Mtb lipids as adjuvants to increase the BCG vaccine efficacy.</p

    Alignment of amino acid positions among peptides predicted from 45 alleles found for the <i>gp63</i> gene fragment studied.

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    <p>The 45 translated alleles were detected among 41 different isolates of <i>L</i>. <i>(V</i>.<i>) braziliensis</i> from ATL patients of Corte de Pedra. Alleles 1 to 28 derived from 35 parasite isolates obtained from ATL patients between 1992 and 2001. Alleles 29 to 45 derived from 6 parasite isolates obtained from ATL patients between 2008 and 2011. Alignment was generated by MEGA 5.0 software. Numbers boxed in top three rows correspond to amino acid positions in the <i>gp63</i> gene used a reference (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163284#sec002" target="_blank">methods</a>). Top sequence in bold corresponds to the amino acids found for each displayed position in the reference <i>gp63</i> sequence. Rows numbered 1 to 45 at left correspond to the 45 alleles of <i>gp63</i> detected in Corte de Pedra. Dots indicate same amino acids as in reference sequence, while letters indicate the substituting amino acids in the study fragments. Regular letters indicate hydrophilic, italicized letters indicate intermediary, and bold letters indicate hydrophobic amino acids. Shaded positions correspond to the segments PAVGVINIPA, SRYD, HEVAH and KAREQYGC referred to in text.</p

    Counts of nucleotide/amino acid polymorphisms in nucleic acid/predicted amino acid sequences from 405 base-pairs study fragments of <i>L</i>. <i>(V</i>.<i>) braziliensis gp63</i>.

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    <p>Columns show data for all forty-five <i>gp63</i> alleles (total) identified and alleles stratified according to clustering analysis depicted in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163284#pone.0163284.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a> (clades A to D).</p

    Alignment of polymorphic nucleotide positions of 45 polymorphic alleles found for the <i>gp63</i> gene fragment studied.

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    <p>Alleles 1 to 28 were detected among 35 different isolates of <i>L</i>. <i>(V</i>.<i>) braziliensis</i> from ATL patients diagnosed between 1992 and 2001 in Corte de Pedra, Brazil. Alleles 29 to 45 were detected among isolates of the parasite drawn from six different patients of the same area between 2008 and 2011. Alignment was generated by MEGA 5.0 software. Numbers boxed in top three rows correspond to nucleotide position in the <i>gp63</i> gene used as reference (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163284#sec002" target="_blank">methods</a>). Top sequence in bold corresponds to the nucleotides found in each displayed position in the reference <i>gp63</i> sequence. Rows numbered 1 to 45 at left correspond to the 45 alleles of <i>gp63</i> detected in Corte de Pedra. Dots indicate same nucleotide as reference sequence, while letters indicate the substituting nucleotides in the study fragments. (*) Positions with silent polymorphisms in study <i>gp63</i> fragments. (#) Positions with polymorphisms that may be silent or lead to predicted amino acid substitution (highlighted in gray), depending on the study <i>gp63</i> allele. All other positions resulted in predicted amino acid substitution in study <i>gp63</i> alleles.</p
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