[1]研究活動

Questionnaire. (PDF 65 kb

Characteristics of benzimidazole compounds, including their metabolites and solubility-improved formulations, in combination with other drugs for the treatment of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis based on the published literature from 2008 to date.

<p>Characteristics of benzimidazole compounds, including their metabolites and solubility-improved formulations, in combination with other drugs for the treatment of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis based on the published literature from 2008 to date.</p

Characteristics of benzimidazole compounds, including their metabolites and solubility-improved formulations, as monotherapy for the treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis based on the published literature from 2008 to date.

<p>Characteristics of benzimidazole compounds, including their metabolites and solubility-improved formulations, as monotherapy for the treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis based on the published literature from 2008 to date.</p

Characteristics of natural compounds for the treatment of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis based on the published literature.

<p>Characteristics of natural compounds for the treatment of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis based on the published literature.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes and raccoon dogs: an increasing concern for Baltic countries

Prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes and raccoon dogs, mean density of animals, hunting bags and ratio of sampled animals out of hunted during 2010–2014 on a scale of game administrative units in Latvia. (DOCX 24 kb

Key findings on the highly statistically significant (p<0.01) potential risk factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis (CE) derived from the meta-analysis of case-control (C-c) and cross-sectional (C-s) studies.

<p>In blue: possible vertical and horizontal interventions aimed at decreasing or interrupting the transmission of CE to humans.</p

Potential risk factors associated with human alveolar echinococcosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe zoonotic disease caused by the metacestode stage of <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i>. AE is commonly associated with a long incubation period that may last for more than ten years. The objective of this systematic literature review was to identify and summarize the current knowledge on statistically relevant potential risk factors (PRFs) associated with AE in humans.</p><p>Methodology/Principal findings</p><p>Six bibliographic databases were searched, generating a total of 1,009 publications. Following the removal of duplicate records and the exclusion of papers that failed to meet the criteria of a previously agreed <i>a priori</i> protocol, 23 publications were retained; however, 6 of these did not contain data in a format that allowed their inclusion in the meta-analysis. The remaining 17 publications (6 case-control and 11 cross-sectional studies) were meta-analysed to investigate associations between AE and PRFs. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were used as a measure of effect and separately analysed for case-control and cross-sectional studies. In the case-control studies, the following PRFs for human AE showed higher odds of outcome: “dog ownership”, “cat ownership”, “have a kitchen garden”, “occupation: farmer”, “haymaking in meadows not adjacent to water”, “went to forests for vocational reasons”, “chewed grass” and “hunting / handling foxes”. In the cross-sectional studies, the following PRFs showed higher odds of outcome: “dog ownership”, “play with dogs”, “gender: female”, “age over 20 years”, “ethnic group: Tibetan”, “low income”, “source of drinking water other than well or tap”, “occupation: herding” and “low education”. Our meta-analysis confirmed that the chance of AE transmission through ingestion of food and water contaminated with <i>E</i>. <i>multilocularis</i> eggs exists, but showed also that food- and water-borne PRFs do not significantly increase the risk of infection.</p><p>Conclusions/significance</p><p>This systematic review analysed international peer-reviewed articles that have over the years contributed to our current understanding of the epidemiology of human AE. The identification of potential risk factors may help researchers and decision makers improve surveillance and/or preventive measures that aim at decreasing human infection with <i>E</i>. <i>multilocularis</i>. More primary studies are needed to confirm potential risk factors and their role in the epidemiology of human AE.</p></div

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) potential risk factors meta-analysed with related effect model used, odds ratio and confidence intervals (CI), significance of overall effect and numbers of papers included for case-control studies.

<p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) potential risk factors meta-analysed with related effect model used, odds ratio and confidence intervals (CI), significance of overall effect and numbers of papers included for case-control studies.</p

Searches performed and the number of articles returned and examined at each stage of the research on potential risk factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis (CE).

<p>Searches performed and the number of articles returned and examined at each stage of the research on potential risk factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis (CE).</p

Meta-analysis of potential and protective risk factors identified in case-control studies on human alveolar echinococcosis.

<p>Meta-analysis of potential and protective risk factors identified in case-control studies on human alveolar echinococcosis.</p