Operating behavior of the irrigation system under OUAI AQUA NORTH SOLONEŢ BIVOLARI

The need to rehabilitate and modernize the old irrigation facilities is even greater, due to the fact that most irrigation systems were built before 1989, respecting the functional parameters of that period. Even if some of them have operated at minimum capacities or have been exploited only on certain sections, the physical and moral wear and tear do not allow their exploitation in conditions of maximum efficiency. The opportunity to rehabilitate the old irrigation systems comes with the launch of the National Program for the Rehabilitation of the Main Irrigation Infrastructure in Romania, by PNDR, in 2007. A series of Organizations of Water Users for Irrigation (OUAI) benefited from European funds, submitting financing projects, this being also the case of OUAI AQUA NORTH SOLONEŢ BIVOLARI, from Iasy County. The necessary funds were obtained for the rehabilitation of the Pumping and Pressurization Station SPP 1.b. by Measure 125 a1. Since the commissioning, in 2014, and until now, no malfunctions of the water network and distribution have been registered, nor on the other components of the station. Rehabilitation works were designed, executed and maintained rationally, so that no malfunctions occurred. After the rehabilitation of the irrigation system, production increases were obtained for the corn crop of 6.67% -38.48%, depending on the climatic conditions of the analyzed years

Leasing as a financing method - a case study

The investment is one of the main vectors of growth economic performance to microeconomic and macroeconomic level. Their effectiveness is to determine the relationship between the economic effects they cause and the efforts required by this. At the same time, the investment opportunity is determined by their ability to be replaced external factors. The research methodology consisted in making a case study in a farm in the county of Vaslui. The results show that some investments in agriculture, although they can be considered effective, may be declared inopportune for the economic conditions

Technical and functional characteristics of the irrigation system from S.C. Livada mere de Iteşti s.r.l. Bacău

High-performance agriculture is achievable based on investment: starting from a high-quality seed or propagating material, ensuring optimum conditions for growth and development to reach, in the end, a higher value for production. By providing the crops and plantations with the water need, a significant increase in productions obtained. To this purpose, it is necessary to invest in irrigation systems, because the annual rain fall is not sufficient or we do not benefit from it in the critical phenophases of the crops. In the fruit-growing farm SC Livada mere de Itesti SRL Bacau, the drip irrigation system, which is currently considered the best method for irrigating the orchards, is installed. Designed on an area of 17 acres cultivated with apple trees, of different varieties, the irrigation system consists of: front assembly, transport-distribution pipe, connecting pipes, and watering pipes provided with droppers. By accessing European funds, through the PNDR, it was possible to make are conversion investment of the fruit plantation, to equip it with a drip irrigation system, as well as to modernize the fleet of agricultural machines and equipment. The work aims to present an irrigation development model, a model successfully implemented, thanks to the funds

The efficacy of different irrigation levels on the yields of some summer crops under intercropping systems

Field studies were performed between 2014 and 2019 on clay soil in a farmer's field in Al - Yadudeh area south of Amman - Jordan, to investigate the efficacy of different irrigation levels (0.40, 0.60 and 0.80 of field capacity) on the yields of bean, squash and okra as they are grown under sole cropping and intercropping systems, using 1:2 and 2:1 row arrangements. Results showed that the highest significant yields of bean (10.20 ton ha-1 ) and squash (37.05 ton ha-1) were obtained when minimum soil moisture level was maintained throughout the growing season at 0.60 of field capacity (FC) under 1:2 intercropping row arrangement, while the highest significant yield of okra (13.64 ton ha-1 ) was registered when it was intercropped with bean in 1:2 row arrangement at minimum soil moisture level of 0.80FC. Additionally, okra intercropped with squash affected each other negatively and obtained the lowest significant yields specially, when they were grown under minimum soil moisture of 0.40 FC in 1:2 and 2:1 row arrangement respectively. Moreover, the highest significant yields of bean, squash and okra, as they are grown under sole cropping were obtained at minimum soil moisture level of 0.80FC, as compared to minimum soil moisture level of 0.40 and 0.60FC. It seems that squash was more beneficial to bean than okra and bean was more beneficial to okra and squash than squash to okra and okra to squash. Regarding the efficiency of intercropping as it was evaluated by land equivalent ratio (LER), the results showed that all the three combinations of intercropping with their row arrangements and under the three soil moisture levels gave LER values more than one, demonstrating the superiority of intercropping than sole cropping

Première identification en subsurface de calcaires d'eaux peu profondes attribués au Crétacé basal dans la Dépression de Transylvanie (Roumanie)

Triassic, Upper Jurassic and upper Lower Cretaceous sedimentary formations were previously studied from the Transylvanian Depression basement, but the presence of lowermost Cretaceous (Berriasian-Valanginian) has not been confirmed paleontologically. The carbonate sequence cored from a borehole drilled in the central part of the Transylvanian Depression yields microfossil assemblages dominated by benthic foraminifera. These new data unequivocally document the presence of characteristic Berriasian-Valanginian taxa in these deposits

Influence of different organic resources on crop yield and soil fertility in the Moldavian Plateau

Investigations conducted during 2003-2007 at the Podu-Iloaiei Agricultural Research Station have studied the influence of different sewage sludge, manure and crop residues on yield quality and quantity and soil agrochemical characteristics. Experiments were set up in a five year-crop rotation (soybean-wheat-maize-sunflower-wheat). Sewage sludge was applied annually at rates of 20, 40 and 60 t/ha, together with mineral fertilizer, differentiated according to the growing plant. The Cambic Chernozem used for experiments had a clayey-loam texture (415 g clay, 305 g loam and 280 g sand), a weakly acid reaction and a mean supply with mobile phosphorus and a very good one with mobile potassium. Applying rates of 24.6 t/ha DM sewage sludge resulted in the accumulation of mobile phosphate stock in soil of 49 ppm and the microelements content (mobile forms from soil) was of 12.4 ppm at Cu, 0.47 ppm at B, 142 ppm at Zn and 382 ppm at manganese. The combined use of mean rates of mineral fertilizers (N70P70), together with 40 t/ha manure or 6 t/ha crop residues from wheat and maize crops, has resulted in improving soil physical and chemical characteristics and getting yield increases in wheat of 2313-2214 kg/ha (136-130 %), on weakly eroded lands, and 2074-2001 kg/ha (178-172 %) on highly eroded lands, compared to the unfertilized control. Both on weakly and highly eroded lands, the mineral fertilization with lower rates than N140P100 kg/ha has determined the decrease in humus content from soil until 2.49- 3.05 %. On highly eroded lands, the humus content was kept at values of 3.42-3.49% only by the annual application of the rate of 60 t/ha manure or N70P70+ 60 t/ha manure

Study of moisture distribution in drip-irrigated cambic chernozem in the Cracau Plain

Drip irrigation allows plants to be watered by slowly wetting the soil on a small surrounding area using special devices that distribute water drop by drop. The main advantage of drip irrigation compared to classic irrigation methods is that the necessary water amount is considerably reduced by wetting the soil strictly in the area that contains the roots for the plant. This allows a rigorous dose of the distributed water amount. On a clay loam cambic chernozem in the Cracau Plain that has a present moisture content of 19% g/g, field capacity of 23.2 % g/g, wilting coefficient of 14.8% g/g and bulk density of 1.36 g/cm3 (mean values for a depth range of 0 - 80 cm), we performed water irrigation for a duration of 10 hours using spiral microtube dripping devices. The total water discharge per dripping unit ranged from 19.6 – 36.1 l, and the water flux ranged from 1.96 – 3.65 l/hour. Twenty-four hours after irrigation, we observed that the distribution of about 20 l of water, with a water flux of about 2 l/hours, provided soil wetting of the zone under the dripping device at higher values than the field capacity at a depth of 80 – 90 cm. The diameter of the wetting contour ranged from 60 – 100 cm at a depth from 40 – 50 cm, and the border diameter of the wetting zone ranged from 100 – 400 cm at a depth from 50 – 70 cm. Higher water flux values or longer irrigation durations resulted in a longer overwetting state in the upper half of the active layer of the soil and in water loss by percolation

Update on the natural history of infratentorial cavernous malformations

Infratentorial cavernous malformations are still a source of serious controversies in neurosurgery and their natural history and treatment are intensely debated in literature. Recent studies suggest that symptomatic infratentorial cavernous malformations have a more aggressive clinical outcome than the supratentorial ones (the risk of hemorrhage is approximately 30 times that of the supratentorial cavernomas) The optimal therapeutic approach of infratentorial cavernomas need a good understanding of the natural history and also the characteristics that may influence the associated neurological risk, like the patient status at admission, the localization and the genetics of the malformation. Many studies have been published in the last decades to enlight the clinical aspects and the natural history of these vascular malformations. The purpose of this analysis is to make a literature review of the morbidity risk associated to cavernous malformations and their influence on the treatment plan

The change of physical and chemical characteristics in cambic chernozem, as influenced by soil erosion, in the Moldavian Plain

The analyses carried out on soil profiles, at the beginning of testing period and after 36 years, on a 16% slope, with length of 310 m, have shown that on the entire slope length, soils had a very different fertility. Soils were influenced by erosion and silting processes. On weakly eroded land, the percentage of hydrostable aggregates was comprised, according to rates and type of applied fertilizers, between 38.9 and 53.6 %; on highly eroded land, the ratio of hydrostable aggregates has increased from 34.4 in unfertilized control to 52.0% at the fertilized variant with 40 t/ha manure. On eroded slope lands, poor in organic matter and nutritive elements, applying rates of 40 t/ha manure has determined yield increases in maize of 1835-2340 kg/ha, respectively, 45.9 – 58.5 kg grains/ t of manure, compared to unfertilized control. The combined use of mean rates (N70P70) of mineral fertilizers, together with 40 t/ha manure, has improved soil physical and chemical characteristics. Yield increases were of 3150 kg/ha in wheat and 3771 kg/ha in maize, compared to unfertilized variant