Ergonomic Intervention Decreases the Load of Learning and Increases the Students Performances

Most students\u27 activities in respect to the implementation of the academic curriculumare done at home. In fact, conventional activity done by the students in boardinghouse ofMinahasa tradition showed unfavorable risks to students based on the load of learning withindicators of musculoskeletal complaints, boredom, and fatigue. Consequently, thestudents were not yet able to attain the intended performance. To overcome the problems,it has made the efforts of ergonomics intervention. In order to test the capability of theergonomics interventions, it had been done a research with the hypothesis, the ergonomicsinterventions on the activity in boardinghouse of Minahasa tradition: normalizes the bodytemperature; decreases the musculoskeletal complaints; decreases the level of boredom;decreases the level of fatigue; increases the accuracy of working; increases the speed ofworking; increases the constancy of working; and increases the results of working of thestudents. This research was done in two periods by utilizing the treatment by subjectdesign. The first and second period was done during four weeks, without and withergonomic intervention. The subjects utilized in the research were as many as 15 persons.The measurements of dependent variables were done before and after doing the activity.The results of the research showed that the ergonomics interventions on the learningactivities in boardinghouse could decrease load of learning significantly (p<0.05): the bodytemperature became normal, the musculoskeletal complaints decreased 44.79%; the levelof boredom decreased 9.79%; the level of fatigue decreased 15.20%; the accuracy ofworking decreased 55.06%; the speed of working decreased 17.32%; the constancy ofworking decreased 30.72%; and the results of working of the students increased 131.44%.It can be concluded that the ergonomics interventions can: decrease the load of learning ofthe students and increase the performance of the students

Redesign of Work Place and System with Ergonomic Intervention Improves the Performance of the Skt (Hand Rolled Cigarette) Rollers at Cigarette Industry “X” in Kediri East Java

In this research ergonomic intervention of the 4 main factors influencingperformance was conducted. The four main factors are : (a) intervention of humancovering the change in position of the SKT rollers from the position of facing oneanother into that of facing the same direction, from the hunchbacked sitting positioninto the upright one; (b) intervention of work equipment covering the changes inform, dimension, table and chair size, and layouts of space and work facilities ; (c)intervention of work system covering the changes in work process arrangement, rightand left hand movement, time allocated for active break and in the removal oftobacco which used to be done by the knockers but now is done by the rollers; (d)intervention of work environment, that is, exhaust installation to regulate thecirculation and wind humidity in the SKT rollers\u27 room. Redesign of place and worksystem with ergonomic intervention contribute to : (a) the decrease in work loadfrom medium category into light category; (b) the decrease in work tiredness frombeing very tired category into being not tired; (c) the decrease in musculoskeletalcomplaint from high category (being disturbed) into light category (beingundisturbed); (d) the decrease in medical treatment cost by 56,97%; (e) the increasein work productivity by 41,47%; (f) the increase in the SKT rollers\u27 salaries by15,10%; and (g) the increase in the company\u27s profit by 12,76%. Generally, redesignof place and work system can increase the performance of the SKT rollers at cigaretteindustry “X” at Kediri, East Java. Therefore, it has been suggested that the companycontinue to redesign the place and work system with ergonomic intervention in theother units

Ergonomic Intervention of Houses Type 36/120 Saves Electricity and Increases Comfort of Occupants in Nuansa Kori Housing Sading Mengwi Badung

Development of the housing sector has now spread to the suburban areas ofDenpasar; even some rural areas in Bali have become targets of housingdevelopers. Designing and arranging of houses through ergonomic interventioncomprises one of several efforts for improving the houses' quality in terms oftheir natural comfort. The ergonomic intervention should meet such criteria as tobe technically applicable, less costly, energy saving especially that of electricity,socio-culturally convenience, and environment friendly. This experimental studybeing reported applied a treatment by subject design, in which eight houses wereselected as sample, located in the housing complex of Perumahan Nuansa KoriSading Mengwi Badung. Of the eight sampled houses, each two houses facednorth, south, east and west, respectively. Twenty six occupants of the eightsampled houses were interviewed using a questionnaire. All samples wereselected by stratified random sampling. The ergonomic intervention comprisedremodeling of ventilation and windows of all the sampled houses. Data collectingof objective comfort was carried out before and after intervention i.e. at 8 am, 10am, 12 pm, 2 pm, 4 pm and 8 pm, by measuring temperature, humidity, lightintensity, and airflow. Data of subjective comfort were collected by questionnaire,which had been tested earlier for its validity and reliability. The results showedthat (1) before intervention the average of wet temperature was 23.66 ± 1.36 ºC,after intervention was 23.09 ± 1.20 ºC; (2) before intervention the average of drytemperature was 28.76 ± 1.07 ºC, after intervention was 27.88 ± 0.73 ºC; (3)relative humidity before intervention was 73.44 ± 4.37 %, after intervention was72.63 ± 2.73 %; (4) natural light intensity before intervention was 134.94 ± 71.69lux, after intervention was 229.69 ± 114.53 lux; (5) the average of airflow beforeintervention was 0.10 ± 0.04 m/sc, after intervention was 0.31 ± 0.08 m/sc; and(6) electricity saving resulted in 11% as evidenced by decrease of electricity billby 8%. The conclusions could be arawn are (1) that ergonomic intervention byremodeling ventilation and windows of houses type 36/120 could improveobjective comfort by 12.4% (p<0.05), along with increase of subjective comfort ofthe occupants of the houses facing all directions; dan (2) moreover, electricitysaving resulted in 11% (p<0.05) as evidenced by decrease of electricity bill by 8%(p<0.05). This study suggests that ergonomic intervention should be applied sinceearly in the construction of houses in order to make them cheaper, healthier, andmore comfortable

Soil Organic Carbon, Labile Carbon and Organic Carbon Storage under Organic and Conventional Systems of Chinese Cabbage in Baturiti, Bali Indonesia

Soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) is one of indicator for soil quality.  It requires several years to be able to detect the SOCS and the impact on crop yields.  A research was conducted to study soil organic carbon (SOC), labile carbon (SLC), SOCS and the yields of Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) under organic and conventional farming systems.  The location was at the area of vegetable farming in Baturiti village, Tabanan regency, Bali province, Indonesia, between 08032’93”SL and 115017’64”EL, 975 m above sea level. Soil samples were taken from the land of organic system after one, three and five years of application, and from the conventional system accordingly in the neighboring area.  Variables of SOC, SLC, SOCS, total nitrogen, soil respiration and bulk density were measured.  The yields of Chinese cabbage were obtained from the last five years of farmer records. Results of this study indicated that SOC, SLC, SOCS, total nitrogen and soil respiration, but not soil bulk density, were significantly (P<0.05) higher under organic than under its conventional counterpart after five years application of organic system. The SOCS increased 3.37 Mg C ha-1 annualy under organic compared to that under conventional system. The SOC, SLC and soil microbial respiration significantly 68.6%, 49.01% and 38.5% higher respectively under organic farming system after five years, but soil nitrogen did not increase. The organic system was highly correlated (r= 0.836**, r=0.846**) with levels of SOC and SLC respectively. During the first three years the yield of Chinese cabbage was lower under organic but after five years the yields (25.78 t ha-1) was not significantly different from that in conventional system. This explains that significant yield increases in organic farming system could only be expected after five years of application. Keywords: Soil organic carbon, soil organic carbon storage, labile carbon, organic farming system, conventional farming system, Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.)

REDESIGN OF WORK PLACE AND SYSTEM WITH ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION IMPROVES THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SKT (HAND ROLLED CIGARETTE) ROLLERS AT CIGARETTE INDUSTRY “X” IN KEDIRI EAST JAVA

In this research ergonomic intervention of the 4 main factors influencingperformance was conducted. The four main factors are : (a) intervention of humancovering the change in position of the SKT rollers from the position of facing oneanother into that of facing the same direction, from the hunchbacked sitting positioninto the upright one; (b) intervention of work equipment covering the changes inform, dimension, table and chair size, and layouts of space and work facilities ; (c)intervention of work system covering the changes in work process arrangement, rightand left hand movement, time allocated for active break and in the removal oftobacco which used to be done by the knockers but now is done by the rollers; (d)intervention of work environment, that is, exhaust installation to regulate thecirculation and wind humidity in the SKT rollers’ room. Redesign of place and worksystem with ergonomic intervention contribute to : (a) the decrease in work loadfrom medium category into light category; (b) the decrease in work tiredness frombeing very tired category into being not tired; (c) the decrease in musculoskeletalcomplaint from high category (being disturbed) into light category (beingundisturbed); (d) the decrease in medical treatment cost by 56,97%; (e) the increasein work productivity by 41,47%; (f) the increase in the SKT rollers’ salaries by15,10%; and (g) the increase in the company’s profit by 12,76%. Generally, redesignof place and work system can increase the performance of the SKT rollers at cigaretteindustry “X” at Kediri, East Java. Therefore, it has been suggested that the companycontinue to redesign the place and work system with ergonomic intervention in theother units

MODEL AKTIVITAS PRAKTIKUM LAPANGAN BERBASIS ERGONOMI (APeLErg) MEMPERBAIKI RESPON FISIOLOGIS TUBUH, MENURUNKAN KELELAHAN, DAN MENINGKATKAN KINERJA, DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN MODEL LAMA (APeL), PADA MAHASISWA FMIPA UNIMA

Aktivitas praktikum lapangan merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan sebagaiimplementasi kurikulum akademik di Jurusan Fisika FMIPA UNIMA. Sebagaiimplementasi kurikulum tersebut telah dibuat model aktivitas praktikum lapangan (modelAPeL) dan telah digunakan sejak tahun 2001. Namun model APeL ternyata menimbulkanrisiko yang merugikan bagi mahasiswa dilihat dari respon fisiologis dan kelelahansehingga mahasiswa belum dapat mencapai kinerja yang diharapkan. Untuk itu telahdiupayakan dengan penerapan pendekatan ergonomi total (PET) suatu model baru yaitumodel APeLErg. Untuk menguji keandalan model APeLErg dibandingkan dengan modelAPeL, telah dilakukan penelitian dengan hipotesis: model APeLErg, dibandingkan denganmodel APeL; memperbaiki respon fisiologis tubuh; menurunkan kelelahan; danmeningkatkan kinerja mahasiswa di daerah dataran rendah/panas dan di daerah datarantinggi/dingin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap dengan menggunakan rancangansama subjek. Penelitian pada tahap pertama dilakukan di daerah panas denganmenggunakan 15 orang subjek sedangkan penelitian tahap kedua di daerah dinginmenggunakan 18 orang subjek. Hasil penelitian tahap I dan tahap II menunjukkan bahwaaktivitas dengan model APeLErg dapat: memperbaiki respon fisiologis mahasiswa secarasignifikan (p<0,05); menurunkan rata-rata skor kelelahan umum secara signifikan(p<0,05); meningkatkan kecepatan, kekonstanan dan ketelitian mahasiswa secarasignifikan (p<0,05); dan meningkatkan kinerja mahasiswa secara signifikan (p<0,05). Darihasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa model APeLErg dapat: memperbaiki responfisiologis mahasiswa; menurunkan tingkat kelelahan mahasiswa; dan meningkatkankinerja mahasiswa dalam melakukan aktivitas praktikum lapangan

ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION OF HOUSES TYPE 36/120 SAVES ELECTRICITY AND INCREASES COMFORT OF OCCUPANTS IN NUANSA KORI HOUSING SADING MENGWI BADUNG

Development of the housing sector has now spread to the suburban areas ofDenpasar; even some rural areas in Bali have become targets of housingdevelopers. Designing and arranging of houses through ergonomic interventioncomprises one of several efforts for improving the houses’ quality in terms oftheir natural comfort. The ergonomic intervention should meet such criteria as tobe technically applicable, less costly, energy saving especially that of electricity,socio-culturally convenience, and environment friendly. This experimental studybeing reported applied a treatment by subject design, in which eight houses wereselected as sample, located in the housing complex of Perumahan Nuansa KoriSading Mengwi Badung. Of the eight sampled houses, each two houses facednorth, south, east and west, respectively. Twenty six occupants of the eightsampled houses were interviewed using a questionnaire. All samples wereselected by stratified random sampling. The ergonomic intervention comprisedremodeling of ventilation and windows of all the sampled houses. Data collectingof objective comfort was carried out before and after intervention i.e. at 8 am, 10am, 12 pm, 2 pm, 4 pm and 8 pm, by measuring temperature, humidity, lightintensity, and airflow. Data of subjective comfort were collected by questionnaire,which had been tested earlier for its validity and reliability. The results showedthat (1) before intervention the average of wet temperature was 23.66 ± 1.36 ºC,after intervention was 23.09 ± 1.20 ºC; (2) before intervention the average of drytemperature was 28.76 ± 1.07 ºC, after intervention was 27.88 ± 0.73 ºC; (3)relative humidity before intervention was 73.44 ± 4.37 %, after intervention was72.63 ± 2.73 %; (4) natural light intensity before intervention was 134.94 ± 71.69lux, after intervention was 229.69 ± 114.53 lux; (5) the average of airflow beforeintervention was 0.10 ± 0.04 m/sc, after intervention was 0.31 ± 0.08 m/sc; and(6) electricity saving resulted in 11% as evidenced by decrease of electricity billby 8%. The conclusions could be arawn are (1) that ergonomic intervention byremodeling ventilation and windows of houses type 36/120 could improveobjective comfort by 12.4% (p<0.05), along with increase of subjective comfort ofthe occupants of the houses facing all directions; dan (2) moreover, electricitysaving resulted in 11% (p<0.05) as evidenced by decrease of electricity bill by 8%(p<0.05). This study suggests that ergonomic intervention should be applied sinceearly in the construction of houses in order to make them cheaper, healthier, andmore comfortable