Using RAPD-PCR to Determine the Genetic Stability of Dianthus Chinesis in Vitro Treated with the Chemical Mutagenic Ethyl Methyl Sulfonate EMS

This study was conducted in the Molecular Biology Lab. and the Central Lab. at the University of Tikrit on 1/29/2023 for the purpose of determining the genetic stability of the Dianthus chinesis after cultivating it in vitro using 3 RAPD primers, which are OPA-02, OPD-10, OPD- 18, As 9 samples were used in the study, the first is a field sample of this plant that was not treated with EMS (was considered as a control sample) and the remaining samples (4 callus samples and 4 tissue branches samples) were treated with concentrations of (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6)% of EMS, after a month, DNA was extracted, RAPD reactions were performed for the primers used ,as it was shown through the results that there was a genetic variation in the genetic material of the Dianthus chinesis in the recognition sites of the used primers, as it was not only affected by EMS, but by its cultivation in vitro

Clinical Outcomes of physiologically-guided revascularisation

Objective: To assess the clinical outcomes of revascularisation based on fractional flow reserve (FFR) and/or instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR).Study design: Descriptive study.Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from January 2012 to January 2020.Methodology: A cohort of patients having moderate to severe coronary stenosis, undergoing coronary revascularisation based on invasive physiological assessment (FFR or iFR) were assessed. The participants were divided into the revascularisation-deferred group and the revascularization-performed group, based on the physiological results. Cox-proportional hazard model building was done, using a stepwise approach by assessing all plausible interactions and considering p-value ≤0.05 as statistically significant.Results: The frequency of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and target vessel revascularisation was 8.4% and 3.2% in the revascularisation-performed group as compared to 6.4% and 3.2% in the revascularisation-deferred group. In adjusted models, no statistically significant difference was noted in MACE when comparing the revascularisation-performed group with a deferred group.Conclusion: Revascularisation guided by invasive physiological assessment with FFR or iFR is clinically safe and led to better resource utilisation. Key Words: Fractional flow reserve, Instantaneous wave-free ratio, Invasive physiological assessment, Low-middle income country

Prognostic significance of ischaemic electrocardiographic changes during stress testing in patients with normal nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging

Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular outcomes in patients with normal nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging, but ischaemic electrocardiogram changes during pharmacological or exercise stress tests.Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data of patients who underwent either pharmacological or exercise stress myocardial perfusion scan and had a normal scan with ischaemic electrocardiogram changes between January 2013 and December 2014. All cardiac events, including angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, coronary revascularisation and cardiac death, as well as non-cardiac deaths were noted. Data was analysed using STATA 14.2.Results: Of the 2770 patients whose data was initially checked, 296(10.6%) developed ischaemic electrocardiogram changes during the stress test but had normal myocardial perfusion scan. Of them, 181(61%) patients were male, and the overall mean age was 62±15 years. Follow-up data was available for 280(94.5%) of these patients, with a mean follow-up of 48±7 months. Of these patients, 8(2.8%) died, and 1(0.3%) of them died due to inferior wall myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction was found in 2(0.7%) patients, and 1(0.3%) patient was hospitalised with heart failure. Also, 12(4.3%) patients underwent revascularization for stable angina, 9(3.2%) underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and 3(1.07%) needed coronary artery bypass grafting.Conclusions: Ischaemic electrocardiographic changes during stress testing in patients with normal myocardial perfusion scan were not associated with adverse outcomes, and the risk of cardiovascular events was relatively low for an intermediate follow-up period

Reorganising for COVID-19 pandemic: A review of structural modifications by the department of internal medicine in low to middle-income countries

Scientists classified the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a novel coronavirus on January 7, 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledged the SARS-CoV-2 outburst a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. Since its origin, this virus has disrupted the best healthcare systems, economies, and strained financial resources; and for underdeveloped countries\u27 healthcare systems, the virus has become a crisis. To tackle the potential hazards from this virus, our Department restructured the services that not only helped us to cope with the pandemic, but also provided an example to copy for other contemporary institutes. This article aims to describe the measures and structural changes undertaken by the Internal Medicine Department, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan. Key Words: COVID-19, Internal medicine, Structural modifications, Pandemic

Evaluation the Susceptibility of Metformin Drug and Pollen grain of Typha domengensis (Typha) on Prevention of Damage in octa4 gene Which Induced by Mitomycin c in Some Organs in Male Albino Rats

Background: Living organisms are permanently exposed to internal and external factors that damage DNA. This damage, if not repaired, can lead to the mutation which cause verius diseases and cellular death. Therefore,the use of many plants or their products has been adopted as aprotective material against genetic toxicityof certain drugs. Objective:Examined the susceptibility of both metformin and pollen grain solution to the prevention of damage in octa4 gene and mitomycin C, In order to be adopted as materials available and cheap to prevent damage to genetic material and the result of the use of human drugs.                                                                                                                                      Patients and Methods: was used 25 white males  rats for 4 weeks obtained from the College of Veterinary Medicine / University of Baghdad and ages ranging from (10-12) weeks. The  rats were divided into 5 groups. the control group was drip with distilled water as well as injected The second  group was treated with mitomycin (0.001ml) was injected subcutaneously weekly for 30 days.while the third group was orally injected with metformin with a concentration of 500 mg / kg with mitomycin  , while the fourth  group was treated with mitomycin and water solution for pollen at 0.1 g / mL per animal. while the fifth group included rats treated with mitomycin with metformin and water solution for pollen. The animals were anesthetized and the kidney and liver were removed. The DNA extraction process was investigated and the presence of the octa4 gene was investigated using a special technique and PCR technique.The tissues like liver, kidney and testies were collected for study the expression of Oct 4 gene. Results: The C. papyrus pollon extract along with metformin is effective against mitomicine C induced animals. Oct 4 it has been protected from mitomycin damage  in both the kidney and liver tissue compared to the testis of the animals treated with C. papyrus pollon extract and metformin. C. papyrus pollen grain producing an effective and safe product, and further research is required in addition to the aggregate value to the native plants. Conclusion: In the present study, C. papyrus pollon extract along with metformin is effective against mitomicine C induced animals. Oct 4 expression was significantly higher in the kidney and liver tissue of the animals treated with C. papyrus pollon extract and metformin. The result of the present study clearly indicates that C. papyrus reduces blood glucose levels, producing an effective and safe product, and further research is required in addition to the aggregate value to the native plants