Multi-particle Correlations in Quaternionic Quantum Systems

We investigate the outcomes of measurements on correlated, few-body quantum systems described by a quaternionic quantum mechanics that allows for regions of quaternionic curvature. We find that a multi-particle interferometry experiment using a correlated system of four nonrelativistic, spin-half particles has the potential to detect the presence of quaternionic curvature. Two-body systems, however, are shown to give predictions identical to those of standard quantum mechanics when relative angles are used in the construction of the operators corresponding to measurements of particle spin components.Comment: REVTeX 3.0, 16 pages, no figures, UM-P-94/54, RCHEP-94/1

Overview of the Status and Strangeness Capabilities of STAR

STAR is a large acceptance spectrometer capable of precision measurements of a wide variety of strange particles. We discuss the STAR detector, its configuration during the first two years of RHIC operation, and its initial performance for Au+Au collisions. The expected performance for strangeness physics and initial data on strange particle reconstruction in Au+Au collisions are presented.Comment: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter, Berkeley, California, July 20-25, 200

Modèles débit-durée-fréquence d'étiage, concept et usage pour une approche régionale des régimes de basses eaux des bassins hydrographiques de la Loire (France) et du Crisu-Alb (Roumanie)

La modélisation de synthèse en débit-durée-fréquence des régimes d'étiage observés s'inspire de travaux développés ces dernières années sur les modèles continus (multidurée et multifréquence) de prédétermination des crues (GALEA et PRUDHOMME, 1996). La variabilité des régimes d'étiage du bassin hydrographique de la Loire (S=117 000 km2) est étudiée à partir de deux variables hydrologiques, définies sur une durée (d) continue (1≤d≤90j), traduisant deux notions de régime complémentaires : la notion de débit-volume (moyen) minimal (VCNd) annuel et de débit-seuil minimal (QCNd) annuel non dépassé. L'étude statistique multidurée des événements annuels observés en 57 sites sélectionnés, selon la loi log-normale à deux paramètres (écart-type et moyenne), permet de répartir les différents bassins en 4 familles typologiquement homogènes. Pour chacune de ces familles est choisi un bassin versant de référence dont les courbes débit-durée-fréquence normées en débit et durée gagnent alors en représentativité régionale. L'utilisation de ces courbes adimensionnelles est rendue plus aisée, grâce à un formalisme mathématique. La norme de débit retenue est le débit journalier minimal annuel de période moyenne de retour 2 ans. La norme de durée quant à elle est déduite des courbes de tarissement observées et décrites selon l'équation de MAILLET. Ces deux normes (ou encore descripteurs de régime) constituent les seuls paramètres d'entrée des 4 modèles adimensionnels QdF d'étiage. Ces modèles et leur typologie associée, appliqués au bassin hydrographique de la Loire, ont permis de montrer la cohérence des quantiles observés et modélisés en chacun des 57 sites retenus. Une première validation de la méthodologie QdF d'étiage, établie sur le bassin de la Loire, a concerné 12 bassins versants du Crisu-Alb (S=3000 km2) en Roumanie. Cela n'a pas nécessité de nouveaux modèles de référence autres que ceux élaborés pour la Loire. Autrement dit, pour chacun des sites étudiés, la valeur de l'écart-type de la loi ajustée sur les VCNd=1j a permis de choisir la famille hydrologique d'appartenance et donc le modèle QdF d'étiage qui lui est associé. La qualité des modélisations effectuées confirment par ailleurs que les deux descripteurs locaux de régime retenus sont de bons intégrateurs des processus d'écoulement liés aux étiages. D'une manière générale, la démarche a permis d'éprouver la fiabilité de la méthodologie QdF développée en étiage et ces premiers résultats sont encourageants pour l'avenir. Notamment, l'usage opérationnel des modèles QdF d'étiage sur des sites non observés nécessite de poursuivre l'effort de recherche vers une explicitation du critère de choix ainsi que des deux descripteurs locaux du régime de basses eaux.The French Department of the Environment entrusted to the CEMAGREF the realization of a study relating to an ecosystemic approach to the management of the Loire watershed. Over the long term, this approach is designed to establish orientations for the protection and management of the natural aquatic environments of the Loire. To this end, a good knowledge of the variability of the hydrological regimes is necessary. The method presented relates primarily to low flow discharges. In spite of the great heterogeneity in space and time of low flows, a regionalization study of watershed low flow regimes of Loire (S=117 000 km2) has been attempted on the basis of the same QdF (discharge-duration-frequency) concept developed for floods (GALEA and PRUDHOMME, 1996). To allow an objective evaluation of developed methodology, we present here the details of the conceptual approach used to model and synthesize the low flow regimes observed, and present the results obtained.The methodology relates primarily to relatively undisturbed basins with perennial flow. The variability of low flow regimes takes into account two hydrologic variables expressing two notions of complementary regimes: the notion of annual minimal average flow (VCNd), and the annual minimal threshold discharge (QCNd) below which the flow does not decrease for a continuous duration (d) which varies from one day to 90 days. The statistical study of annual events demonstrates that the Log-Normal law (two parameters) is generally adequate for a given duration d. From the low flow typology observed on 57 selected sites, the statistical study of annual events revealed four homogeneous groups of hydrological low flow regimes. In each of the 4 groups a reference basin is chosen. Its flow-duration-frequency curves normalized to discharge and duration show a regional representativity and the mathematical formalism yields easy-to-use dimensionless curves. The normative discharge VCN(2,1) is the minimum annual daily flow for a two year return period. The normative duration of flow (De) of a basin results from the recession curves described by MAILLET's equation. In each group, a large diversity of low flow regimes exists, as indicated by the two local descriptors (De and VCN(2,1)), which are the only input parameters for the low flow QdF models. Concerning the Loire watershed, these 4 models and their associated typology characterize the large diversity in space and time of low flows observed for the 57 studied cases.A first validation of the low flow QdF methodology concerned 12 basins of Crisu-Alb watershed, in Romania. It was not necessary to establish new reference models for the regionalization of low flows for these 12 studied cases in the Crisu-Alb watershed. The quality of the transposed models confirms, on another hand, that the two local descriptors of the low flow regime are good integrators of flow processes in relation with low flows. The initial results from the synthetic low flow models are promising. Use of these models on ungauged basins will require additional research to explain the model's choice criterion and the two local descriptors of the low flow regime

Yang-Baxter maps and multi-field integrable lattice equations

A variety of Yang-Baxter maps are obtained from integrable multi-field equations on quad-graphs. A systematic framework for investigating this connection relies on the symmetry groups of the equations. The method is applied to lattice equations introduced by Adler and Yamilov and which are related to the nonlinear superposition formulae for the B\"acklund transformations of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger system and specific ferromagnetic models.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, corrected versio

Radiative and Collisional Energy Loss, and Photon-Tagged Jets at RHIC

The suppression of single jets at high transverse momenta in a quark-gluon plasma is studied at RHIC energies, and the additional information provided by a photon tag is included. The energy loss of hard jets traversing through the medium is evaluated in the AMY formalism, by consistently taking into account the contributions from radiative events and from elastic collisions at leading order in the coupling. The strongly-interacting medium in these collisions is modelled with (3+1)-dimensional ideal relativistic hydrodynamics. Putting these ingredients together with a complete set of photon-production processes, we present a calculation of the nuclear modification of single jets and photon-tagged jets at RHIC.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, contributed to the 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electro-Magnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probes 2008), typos corrected, published versio

On kk-Core Percolation in Four Dimensions

The $k$-core percolation on the Bethe lattice has been proposed as a simple model of the jamming transition because of its hybrid first-order/second-order nature. We investigate numerically $k$-core percolation on the four-dimensional regular lattice. For $k=4$ the presence of a discontinuous transition is clearly established but its nature is strictly first order. In particular, the $k$-core density displays no singular behavior before the jump and its correlation length remains finite. For $k=3$ the transition is continuous

Pseudorapidity dependence of parton energy loss in relativistic heavy ion collisions

We analyze the recent data from the BRAHMS Collaboration on the pseudorapidity dependence of nuclear modification factors in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV by using the full three dimensional hydrodynamic simulations for the density effects on parton energy loss. We first compute the transverse spectra at $\eta=0$ and 2.2, and next take a ratio $R_{\eta}=R_{AA}(\eta=2.2)/R_{AA}(\eta=0)$, where $R_{AA}$ is a nuclear modification factor. It is shown that hydrodynamic components account for $R_{\eta}\simeq 1$ at low $p_\mathrm{T}$ and that quenched pQCD components lead $R_{\eta} < 1$ at high $p_\mathrm{T}$ which are consistent with the data. Strong suppression at $\eta=2.2$ is compatible with the parton energy loss in the final state.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; one figure adde

Results from RHIC with Implications for LHC

Results from the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in p-p and Au+Au collisions are reviewed from the perspective of measurements in p-p collisions at the CERN-ISR which serve as a basis for many of the techniques used. Issues such as J/Psi suppression and hydrodynamical flow in A+A collisions require data from LHC-Ions for an improved understanding. Suppression of high pT particles in Au+Au collisions, first observed at RHIC, also has unresolved mysteries such as the equality of the suppression of inclusive pi0 (from light quarks and gluons) and direct-single electrons (from the decay of heavy quarks) in the transverse momentum range 4< pT < 9 GeV/c. This disfavors a radiative explanation of suppression and leads to a fundamental question of whether the Higgs boson gives mass to fermions. Observation of an exponential distribution of direct photons in central Au+Au collisions for 1< pT <2 GeV/c where hard-processes are negligible and with no similar exponential distribution in p-p collisions indicates thermal photon emission from the medium at RHIC, making PHENIX at the moment ``the hottest experiment in Physics''.Comment: Invited lectures at the International School of Subnuclear Physics, 47th Course, "The most unexpected at LHC and the status of High Energy Frontier'', Erice, Sicily, Italy, August 29-September 7. 2009. 32 pages, 22 figure