6 research outputs found

    Les forĂȘts sacrĂ©es de l’aire Ouatchi au sud-est du Togo et les contraintes actuelles des modes de gestion locale des ressources forestiĂšres

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    Cette Ă©tude est rĂ©alisĂ©e dans des reliques de forĂȘt sacrĂ©e trĂšs importantes pour leur rĂŽle dans la sauvegarde de la biodiversitĂ© dans la rĂ©gion anthropisĂ©e du sud-est du Togo. Il s’agit des Ăźlots de forĂȘts semi-caducifoliĂ©es de superficie allant de quelques mĂštres carrĂ©s Ă  des dizaines d’hectares. L’analyse floristique a montrĂ© que la richesse moyenne est de 75 espĂšces par Ăźlot. Celle-ci augmente en fonction de la superficie. Au total 423 espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales regroupĂ©es en 300 genres et 84 familles ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es. Parmi cette flore, une quinzaine d’espĂšces sont nouvelles c’est-Ă -dire non disponibles dans la collection d’herbier et non signalĂ©es dans la flore du Togo. Les entretiens avec les populations permettent de savoir que ces forĂȘts sacrĂ©es perçues comme une partie importante du patrimoine des villages riverains, abritent parfois des sources d’eau utiles et fournissent de menus produits forestiers non ligneux aux populations (fruits, plantes mĂ©dicinales, lianes, animaux). Mais face aux mutations sociales et Ă©conomiques actuelles, les modes de gestion locale n’arrivent plus Ă  protĂ©ger les forĂȘts sacrĂ©es et leur biodiversitĂ©.This study was achieved in relict sacred forests, which are very important for their role as a safeguard of biodiversity in the human-populated region of southeast of Togo. They are semi deciduous forest fragments of which area range from a few square meters to tens of hectares. Floristic analysis showed that mean richness is 75 species per fragment. This richness increases according to the size area. A total of 423 plant species regrouped in 300 genera and 84 families were inventoried. Among them, about fifteen species are new, i.e. not available in the collection of herbarium nor annotated in the flora of Togo. Interviews with the populations allowed to know that these sacred forests are considered as an important part of the heritage in the riparian villages, as they are sometimes useful catchment areas for rivers and provide to the populations some minor non timber forest products (fruits, medicinal plants, lianas, animals). But facing the present social and economic mutations, the local practices of management are unable to protect the sacred forests and their biodiversity

    AprĂšs quatre dĂ©cennies de forte fragmentation, que reste -t-il dans les forĂȘts humides du Togo?

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    Les forĂȘts humides du Togo, localisĂ©es essentiellement au sud-ouest du pays, reprĂ©sentent une partie du hot spot de la biodiversitĂ© ouest africaine. Durant ces derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, ces forĂȘts ont Ă©tĂ© constamment dĂ©fichĂ©es Ă  des fins de culture de cafĂ© ce qui entraĂźne leur fragmentation accentuĂ©e. Actuellement, la rĂ©partition spatiale des reliques prĂ©sente un motif en « laniĂšres» le long des cours d’eau, il reste peu de reliques non riveraines, qui prĂ©sentent de ce fait un intĂ©rĂȘt particulier. Les dynamiques en cours de dĂ©frichement agricole qui s’accĂ©lĂšrent menacent ces reliques. Pourtant, il y a un manque important d’information sur l’état et le devenir de la biodiversitĂ© dans ces reliques forestiĂšres. Sur la base d’inventaire botanique (n = 248 relevĂ©s, 500mÂČ chacun), l’étude, d’une ampleur rĂ©gionale (65 000 ha), a Ă©valuĂ© le contenu floristique actuel des forĂȘts fragmentĂ©es et estimĂ© leur intĂ©rĂȘt patrimonial. Les rĂ©sultats incluent 876 taxa rĂ©partis en 480 genres et 113 familles. La richesse spĂ©cifique estimĂ©e sur les courbes d’accumulation est de 1088 au maximum (Jack2). Parmi les espĂšces recensĂ©es, 40 sont potentiellement nouvelles pour le Togo, environ 200 (22%) sont des espĂšces introduites, 558 (64%) pourraient ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©es comme rare ; certaines espĂšces rares figurent dĂ©jĂ  sur la liste rouge de l’Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature (IUCN) comme espĂšces menacĂ©es ; 33 espĂšces pourraient figurer sur la liste future de l’IUCN. Les reliques forestiĂšres actuelles contiennent 25% des espĂšces vasculaires signalĂ©es dans la zone GuinĂ©o Congolaise d’Afrique et 6% des espĂšces endĂ©miques de celle-ci. L’étude recommande ces reliques forestiĂšres comme des sites de conservation biologique et de suivi Ă  long terme

    Climate vulnerability of coffee-cocoa agrosystems in the sub-humid mountain ecosystems in south-west Togo (West Africa)

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    Abstract Changes in climate patterns are the main challenges being faced by the coffee and cocoa production systems, one of the key sources of livelihood for farmers in Togo’s humid dense forests zone, also known as “Togo ecological zone IV”. The objective of this study was to analyze the climatic vulnerability of coffee-cocoa agroforestry systems (CCAFS) in Togo ecological zone IV both ongoing (last 40 years 1980–2019) and the incoming decades (by 2050) considering climate forecast under AR6 socioeconomic pathways. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) approach with the Mann–Kendall & Sen’s tests and the MaxEnt tool were used to assess the drought condition and the potential impacts on CCAFS suitability in the study area. The results show instability in rainfall series with a non-significant progressive trend in the area during the past four decades, while a significant increase in temperature was observed. Beyond 2050, suitable areas for coffee and cocoa species will drift to the pic mountainous part. Thus, respectively 51.91 and 54.50% of currently suitable areas for the two species, will be lost under the future climate scenario SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. These losses are mainly due to the reduction of precipitation of the driest month (Bio14), precipitation of the driest quarter (Bio17), and precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio19) of the year. Drought is therefore revealed as the main limiting climatic factor for coffee and cocoa in Togo. The increasing drought intensity in the future is a source of high vulnerability of CCAFS as well as the local farmers’ livelihoods

    Ecological drivers of pteridophyte diversity and distribution in Togo (West Africa)

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    International audienceThe conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity requires an understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors that condition the presence and survival of organisms in natural habitats. The global distribution and ecological hypersensitivity of pteridophytes have made them ideal candidates for studying the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on levels of biodiversity.This study aims to determine the effect of vegetation cover, human disturbance, and climatic factors on the distribution and diversity of pteridophytes in Togo with a view to guide conservation efforts. Our data comprises 130 plots of 500 m2 representing all ecological zones of the country, complemented by several opportunistic collections. After determining the patterns of pteridophyte distribution, multivariate analysis of variance and the calculation of diversity indicators made it possible to determine the influence of the factors studied.We found that pteridophyte species diversity and distribution in Togo are strongly influenced by climatic variables, with more than 90% of species diversity being concentrated in the submontane forest areas. Humidity related variables, insolation, and human disturbances are the main drivers of their distribution. Species diversity is positively associated with an increase in humidity, but decreases with increasing insolation and human disturbance. Importantly, our results emphasize the association of specific species to particular conditions created by climate, land cover, and human disturbances, highlighting the role of pteridophyte species as indicators of environmental conditions or exposure to stress. Within humid forest areas, our analysis of the impact of disturbance indicates that about a quarter of the pteridophyte flora of humid forests is sensitive to minor disturbances, whereas almost all rainforest species decline in the face of high levels of disturbance. Agroforests are a particular case of moderately disturbed rainforests, and have the potential to harbour at least 30.5% of Togolese rainforest pteridophyte species diversity.We conclude that the conservation of pteridophytes in Togo requires the protection of submontane rainforests and the adoption of less destructive practices in terrestrial species habitats in coffee/cocoa-based agroforests
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